The Netherlands are a small country with an urban underworld history before a serious problem of organized crime has developed since the 1980. The interest of the mob in Horse Race Betting flourished before that time. After a long period of Prohibition since 1911 horse racing (especially trotting) and betting on the results has become a very popular pastime since it was permitted in 1948. Especially during the nineteen seventies and eighties horse races drew a large audience and to a lesser degree they still do. However, bookmaking has always been forbidden since 1911 and that by itself presented in invitation to (organized) crime. Other well-known criminal byproducts of horse racing such as drugging horses, laundering money and matchfixing have been observed but as we measured only to a very moderate degree. The social variety of aficionados for the races is amazing. While doing historical and ethnographic field research at the race tracks we registered a mixture of people of humble origins as well as big entrepreneurs. There were members of the royal family but also well-known criminals. It is amazing to find out to what degree the latter have been accepted by the entire horse racing community.

荷兰是一个具有城市黑社会历史的小国，自1980年以来就没有出现严重的有组织犯罪问题。在此之前，暴民对赛马博彩的兴趣很旺盛。自1911年以来经过长时间的禁止，赛马（尤其是小跑）和对赛果的投注自1948年获准以来已经成为一种非常流行的娱乐方式。尤其是在十九，七十年代和八十年代，赛马吸引了较少的观众。他们仍然这样做。但是，自1911年以来，始终禁止收受制票的行为，而应将其单独用于（有组织的）犯罪活动。还观察到了其他一些著名的赛马犯罪副产品，例如下马，洗钱和假球，但我们只在非常中等的程度上进行了测量。赛车迷的社交品种令人赞叹。在赛道上进行历史和人种学领域研究时，我们注册了一群卑鄙的人以及大企业家。那里有王室成员，但也有著名的罪犯。令人惊奇的是，后者被整个赛马界所接受。