Today, thanks in particular to the results of the ESA Planck mission, the concordance cosmological model appears to be the most robust to describe the evolution and content of the Universe from its early to late times. It summarizes the evolution of matter, made mainly of dark matter, from the primordial fluctuations generated by inflation around 10^− 30 second after the Big Bang to galaxies and clusters of galaxies, 13.8 billion years later, and the evolution of the expansion of space, with a relative slowdown in the matter-dominated era and, since a few billion years, an acceleration powered by dark energy. But we are far from knowing the pillars of this model which are inflation, dark matter and dark energy. Comprehending these fundamental questions requires a detailed mapping of our observable Universe over the whole of cosmic time. The relic radiation provides the starting point and galaxies draw the cosmic web. JAXA’s LiteBIRD mission will map the beginning of our Universe with a crucial test for inflation (its primordial gravity waves), and the ESA Euclid mission will map the most recent half part, crucial for dark energy. The mission concept GAUSS, described in this White Paper, aims at being a mission to fully map the cosmic web up to the reionization era, linking early and late evolution, to tackle and disentangle the crucial degeneracies persisting after the Euclid era between dark matter and inflation properties, dark energy, structure growth and gravitation at large scale.

今天，特别是由于ESA普朗克任务的结果，一致性宇宙学模型似乎是描述宇宙从早期到晚期的演化和内容的最强大的模型。它总结了由大约10 ^{− 30的}通货膨胀引起的原始波动引起的主要由暗物质组成的物质的演化在大爆炸之后仅次于星系和星系团，是在138亿年后，而且空间扩展的演变，在以物质为主导的时代相对放缓，并且自几十亿年以来，由暗能量驱动的加速。但是我们远远不知道该模型的支柱是通货膨胀，暗物质和暗能量。要理解这些基本问题，就需要在整个宇宙时间内对我们可观察到的宇宙进行详细的映射。遗迹辐射提供了起点，星系吸引了宇宙网。JAXA的LiteBIRD任务将通过通货膨胀的关键测试（其原始重力波）来绘制宇宙的开始，而ESA Euclid任务将绘制对暗能量至关重要的最近的一半。本白皮书中介绍了任务概念GAUSS，