When carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are struck by lightning, they are subjected to a combination of high-temperature ablation and gas expansion. To accurately predict the lightning damage area, the damage area of carbon fiber under different amounts of Joule heating was obtained through experiments, and a simulation analysis of electro-thermal coupling and gas expansion was performed. The simulation of electro-thermal coupling showed that the damage area of carbon fiber in the simulation accounts for 67% in the experiment at low energy, but there is a large gap between the two at high energy, with the former accounting for only 28.2% of the latter. Combining the effects of Joule heating and gas expansion and introducing the conversion efficiency of the Joule heat to the kinetic energy of gas, a damage prediction model of electrical-thermal–mechanical coupling was finally established. The calculation results of the composite model show that the maximum error between the model and the lightning test at high energy was only 12.5%. It was found that Joule heating has a greater impact on lightning damage at low energy, while gas expansion was the main factor in determining the damage degree of carbon fiber under the condition of high energy.

当碳纤维增强的聚合物复合材料被雷击时，它们会经受高温烧蚀和气体膨胀的双重作用。为了准确地预测雷击破坏面积，通过实验获得了碳纤维在不同焦耳加热下的破坏面积，并对电热耦合和气体膨胀进行了模拟分析。电热耦合模拟结果表明，在低能状态下，碳纤维的损伤面积在实验中占67％，但在高能状态下，两者之间有较大的差距，前者仅占28.2％。后者。结合焦耳热和气体膨胀的影响，并将焦耳热的转化效率引入气体的动能，最终建立了电-热-机械耦合的损伤预测模型。复合模型的计算结果表明，该模型与高能雷电试验的最大误差仅为12.5％。研究发现，焦耳加热对低能量下的雷击伤害影响更大，而气体膨胀是决定高能量条件下碳纤维破坏程度的主要因素。