Global demand for pesticide-free food products is increasing rapidly. Crops of all types are, however, under constant threat from various plant pathogens. To achieve adequate control with minimal pesticide use, close monitoring is imperative. Many plant pathogens spread through the air, so the atmosphere is composed of a wide variety of plant pathogenic and non-plant pathogenic organisms, in particular in agricultural environments. Aerobiology is the science that studies airborne microorganisms and their distribution, especially as agents of infection. Although this discipline has existed for decades, the development of new molecular technologies is contributing to an increase in the use of aerobiological data for several purposes, from day-to-day monitoring to improving our understanding of pathosystems. Although the importance of knowing the size and composition of plant pathogen populations present in the air is recognized, technical constraints hinder the development of agricultural aerobiology. Here we review the application of spore sampling systems in agriculture and discuss the main considerations underlying the implementation of airborne inoculum monitoring. The results of this literature review confirm that the use of aerobiological data to study the escape of inoculum from a source and its role in the development of diseases is well mastered, but point at a lack of knowledge to proceed with the deployment of these systems at the landscape scale. Thus, we conclude that airborne inoculum surveillance networks are still in their early stages and although more and more initiatives are emerging, research must be conducted primarily to integrate evolving technologies and improve the access, analysis, interpretation and sharing of data. These tools are needed to estimate short- and medium-term risks, identify the most appropriate control measures with the lowest environmental risk, develop indicators to document the effects of climate change, and monitor the evolution of new genotypes at multiple scales.

全球对无农药食品的需求正在迅速增长。但是，各种农作物都受到各种植物病原体的不断威胁。为了以最少的农药使用量实现充分的控制，必须进行严格的监控。许多植物病原体通过空气传播，因此，大气是由多种植物病原体和非植物病原体组成的，尤其是在农业环境中。航空生物学是一门研究空气中微生物及其分布的科学，尤其是作为感染的媒介。尽管该学科已经存在了数十年，但新分子技术的发展正促进出于多种目的使用航空生物学数据，从日常监测到增进我们对病理系统的了解。尽管认识到知道空气中存在的植物病原体种群的大小和组成的重要性已得到认可，但技术限制阻碍了农业航空生物学的发展。在这里，我们回顾了孢子采样系统在农业中的应用，并讨论了实施机载接种物监测背后的主要考虑因素。这篇文献综述的结果证实，已经很好地掌握了使用航空生物学数据研究接种物从源头逸出及其在疾病发展中的作用的方法，但指出缺乏知识来进行这些系统的部署。景观规模。因此，我们得出的结论是，机载接种物监测网络仍处于早期阶段，尽管出现了越来越多的倡议，必须首先进行研究以整合不断发展的技术并改善数据的访问，分析，解释和共享。需要这些工具来估计短期和中期风险，确定具有最低环境风险的最适当的控制措施，开发指标以记录气候变化的影响以及监测新基因型在多个尺度上的演变。