ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to provide a complete inventory of wetlands in Turkey including their past status (1910–1930) in comparison to the present time (2014). The types of wetlands and their area sizes were determined by using cartographical maps of 1/200,000 in scale made between 1910s and 1920s vs. 2006 CORINE Land Cover data, which were updated with Landsat 8 satellite images in 2014. The effect of possible climate change on wetlands sizes various local, national and regional rainfall datasets were analysed by correlation and regression analysis. A hundred years ago, the total number of natural wetlands was 1299 with a total surface area of 1,376,505 hectares. In 2014, the total number of natural wetlands had decreased to 900, with a total surface area of 1,085,936 hectares, so that 21.2% of the original wetlands were lost (291,339 hectares). The observed changes in the number of wetlands and their relative sizes cannot be attributed directly to changes in climate. Wetland drainage was largely responsible for observed wetland losses, but local changes in precipitation regimes partially contributed to this loss. Urgent conservation and restoration of wetlands are recommended to avoid further loss of wetlands in Turkey.

摘要

本研究的目的是提供土耳其湿地的完整清单，包括与现在（2014 年）相比的过去状态（1910-1930 年）。湿地类型及其面积大小是通过使用 1910 年代至 1920 年代制作的比例尺为 1/200,000 的制图图与 2006 年的 CORINE Land Cover 数据确定的，这些数据在 2014 年使用 Landsat 8 卫星图像进行了更新。 可能的气候变化的影响通过相关和回归分析，对湿地大小的各种地方、国家和区域降雨数据集进行了分析。一百年前，天然湿地总数为1299处，总面积1376505公顷。2014年，自然湿地总数减少到900处，总面积1085936公顷，原有湿地面积减少21.2%（291，339 公顷）。观察到的湿地数量及其相对大小的变化不能直接归因于气候变化。湿地排水是观察到的湿地损失的主要原因，但降水状况的局部变化部分导致了这种损失。建议紧急保护和恢复湿地，以避免土耳其的湿地进一步丧失。