This report provides a review of randomized controlled trials that tested whether an eating disorder prevention program significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders, which is important because eating disorders are common and result in marked functional impairment. We identified 15 trials involving 5080 participants (mean ages ranging from 14.5 to 22.3) that reported 19 tests of whether selective eating disorder prevention programs significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders relative to some type of minimal control condition or a credible alternative intervention. Healthy lifestyle modification prevention programs, dissonance-based prevention programs, and a self-esteem/self-efficacy prevention program significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders, though the later was only evaluated in one trial. Psychoeducational, cognitive behavioral, behavioral weight gain, interpersonal, and family-therapy-based prevention programs did not significantly reduce future onset of eating disorders. The average prevention effect size was statistically significant (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = [1.09, 2.46], t = 2.54, p = .020) and there was heterogeneity in effect sizes (Q [18] = 35.96, p = .007). Prevention effects were significantly larger for trials that recruited participants with elevations on a single risk factor versus with elevations in multiple risk factors and for healthy lifestyle modification prevention programs versus cognitive behavioral prevention programs, though the remaining examined factors did not moderate intervention effect sizes (e.g., risk of bias).

The fact that lifestyle modification and dissonance-based prevention programs significantly reduced future onset of eating disorders in multiple trials, producing a 54% to 77% reduction in future eating disorder onset implies that broadly implementing these prevention programs could reduce the population prevalence of eating disorders.

本报告提供了随机对照试验的综述，这些试验测试了饮食失调预防计划是否显着减少了未来饮食失调的发生，这很重要，因为饮食失调很常见并导致明显的功能障碍。我们确定了 15 项试验，涉及 5080 名参与者（平均年龄范围为 14.5 至 22.3 岁），这些试验报告了 19 项关于选择性饮食失调预防计划是否相对于某种类型的最小控制条件或可靠的替代干预措施显着减少未来饮食失调的发生的测试。健康的生活方式改变预防计划、基于失调的预防计划和自尊/自我效能预防计划显着减少了未来饮食失调的发生，尽管后者仅在一项试验中进行了评估。心理教育，认知行为、行为体重增加、人际关系和基于家庭治疗的预防计划并没有显着减少未来饮食失调的发生。平均预防效果大小具有统计学意义（OR  = 1.64, 95% CI = [1.09, 2.46], t  = 2.54, p  = .020) 并且效应大小存在异质性 ( Q [18] = 35.96, p  = .007)。对于招募单个风险因素升高与多个风险因素升高的参与者以及健康生活方式改变预防计划与认知行为预防计划的试验，预防效果显着更大，尽管其余检查的因素并未降低干预效果大小（例如, 偏倚风险）。

在多项试验中，生活方式改变和基于失调的预防计划显着减少了未来饮食失调的发病率，使未来的饮食失调发病率降低了 54% 至 77%，这意味着广泛实施这些预防计划可以降低饮食失调的人群患病率.