Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are generally short peptides that act as a signal fragment that mediates the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. This NLS-dependent protein recognition, a process necessary for cargo proteins to pass the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pore complex, is facilitated by members of the importin superfamily. Here, we summarized the types of NLS, focused on the recently reported related proteins containing nuclear localization signals, and briefly summarized some mechanisms that do not depend on nuclear localization signals into the nucleus.

中文翻译：

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核定位信号的类型和蛋白质输入细胞核的机制

核定位信号（NLS）通常是短肽，充当介导蛋白质从细胞质转运到细胞核的信号片段。这种依赖于 NLS 的蛋白质识别是货物蛋白通过核膜穿过核孔复合物所必需的过程，由输入蛋白超家族的成员促进。在这里，我们总结了NLS的类型，重点介绍了最近报道的含有核定位信号的相关蛋白，并简要总结了一些不依赖核定位信号进入细胞核的机制。