The rapid increasing rate of mobile and internet users in Lebanon, predisposes us to a high dependency on smartphones, leading to more phubbing. Phubbing has been found associated with many psychological factors. Thus, the main objectives of this study was (1) to evaluate the association between phubbing and temperaments, and (2) assess the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in the association between phubbing and temperaments among a sample of Lebanese adults. A cross-sectional study, carried out between August and September 2020, enrolled 461 participants aged between 18 and 29 years old. Participants were recruited from all districts/governorates of Lebanon (Beirut, Mount Lebanon, North Lebanon, South Lebanon, and Bekaa) using the snowball technique. The Generic Scale of Phubbing, Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test and TEMPS-M were used to assess phubbing, self-esteem, emotional intelligence and temperaments respectively. Our results showed that higher depressive temperament (B = 1.21) was significantly associated with more phubbing, whereas higher self-esteem (B = − 0.32) was significantly associated with less phubbing. Regarding the mediating effect, self-esteem partially mediated the association between depressive temperament and phubbing (21.02%), whereas emotional intelligence had no mediating effect on the association between temperaments and phubbing. A strong correlation between phubbing and temperaments has been found in our study with a partial mediating effect of self-esteem in this association. Our findings might be a first step for raising awareness to develop the etiquette of using smartphones by providing media education to families, and good media usage habits.

中文翻译：

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黎巴嫩年轻成年人的吞咽和性情：自尊和情商的中介作用

黎巴嫩移动和互联网用户的迅速增长，使我们对智能手机的依赖度很高，从而导致更多的麻烦。人们发现吞咽与许多心理因素有关。因此，本研究的主要目标是（1）评估痰与气质之间的关联，以及（2）评估黎巴嫩成年人样本中自尊和情绪智力在痰与气质之间的中介作用。2020年8月至2020年9月进行的横断面研究招募了461名年龄在18至29岁之间的参与者。使用雪球技术从黎巴嫩所有地区/省（贝鲁特，黎巴嫩山，黎巴嫩北部，黎巴嫩南部和贝卡）招募了参与者。罗宾堡自尊量表 Schutte自我报告情绪智力测验和TEMPS-M分别用于评估吞咽，自尊，情绪智力和气质。我们的研究结果表明，较高的抑郁气质（B = 1.21）与更多的肿有显着相关，而较高的自尊（B = − 0.32）与较少的ub发有显着相关。关于中介作用，自尊部分地介导了抑郁性气质与肺气肿之间的关联（21.02％），而情绪智力对气质与气质之间的联系没有中介作用。在我们的研究中，人们发现吞咽与性情之间有很强的相关性，并且在这种联想中有部分自尊的中介作用。