Salmonella enterica is a pathogen that induces self-limiting gastroenteritis and is of worldwide concern. Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide, has emerged as an alternative for the control of microbial growth but its effect on the virulence of pathogenic bacteria is not yet well-explored. This work aimed to evaluate the virulence of S. enterica in the presence of sub-inhibitory nisin using the experimental model Galleria mellonella. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of nisin of 11.72 and 46.88 μM did not affect the cellular viability of S. enterica but promoted changes in gene expression within 1 h of treatment, with increases of up to 3-fold of pagC, 1.8-fold of invA and 2.3-fold of invF. Larvae of G. mellonella inoculated with S. enterica combined with nisin at 46.88 μM presented mortality, and TL₅₀ noticeably increased to 50% and 80% at 24 and 48 h post-infection, respectively. Defence responses, such as melanisation, nodulation, pseudopodia, immune response, and expression of defence proteins of the larvae G. mellonella were enhanced when the treatments with S. enterica were combined with 11.72 or 46.88 μM nisin. These results show an increase in virulence of S. enterica by sub-MIC concentration of nisin that needs to be explored.

沙门氏菌是一种引起自限性胃肠炎的病原体，受到全世界的关注。乳链菌肽是一种抗菌肽，已成为控制微生物生长的替代品，但其对病原菌毒力的影响尚未得到充分探索。这项工作的目的是评估的致病沙门氏菌子抑制乳酸链球菌素的存在下，使用实验模型蜡螟。11.72 和 46.88 μM 的乳链菌肽亚抑制浓度不影响S. enterica的细胞活力，但促进了处理 1 小时内基因表达的变化，增加了高达 3 倍的pagC和 1.8 倍的invA和invF 的2.3 倍。用S. enterica和 46.88 μM 乳链菌肽接种的G. mellonella 幼虫表现出死亡率，并且在感染后 24 和 48 小时，TL _{50 分别}显着增加至 50% 和 80%。当用S. enterica与 11.72 或 46.88 μM 乳链菌肽结合时，防御反应，例如黑化、结瘤、伪足、免疫反应和幼虫G. mellonella防御蛋白的表达得到增强。这些结果表明，需要探索的乳链菌肽亚 MIC 浓度会增加S. enterica的毒力。