Fish taphonomy from archaeological sites provides considerable useful information about human behaviours and environmental contexts as potential food remains or as natural occurrences. This article focuses on mechanical deformations of fish vertebrae and the potential information about predation, diachrony in the deposition of the remains, and time-averaging and reworking processes these provide. Experimental work using uniaxial compression on dry and water-soaked vertebrae from modern skeletons [Meagre (Argyrosomus regius, Asso 1801), European hake (Merluccius merluccius, L. 1758) and Pouting (Trisopterus luscus, L. 1758)] compared to modern digested fish vertebrae from a predator of extreme taphonomic modification (European otter, Lutra lutra) allowed us to assess key features to identify different processes and site formation agents. Our results are also compared with experimental assemblages modified by water and dry abiotic abrasion. These provide a baseline to understand the nature of the agents causing modifications to archaeological vertebrae from the Middle Holocene Argentinian sites of El Americano II and Barrio Las Dunas and the Magdalenian site of Santa Catalina (Basque Country, Spain). The experimental frame of reference allowed us to identify dry compression on Barrio Las Dunas and Santa Catalina assemblages and wet compression on El Americano II and Santa Catalina sites, improving our interpretation of the formation of those archaeological deposits and their fish assemblages. These data allow one to explore with a higher degree of confidence than has been hitherto possible how humans obtained, processed, and discarded fish in former times.

来自考古现场的鱼类分类学提供了有关人类行为和环境情况的大量有用信息，这些信息是潜在的食物残留或自然发生的情况。本文重点介绍鱼椎骨的机械变形以及有关捕食，残骸沉积历时以及这些提供的时间平均和返工过程的潜在信息。与现代消化法相比，对现代骨骼[Meagre（Argyrosomus regius，Asso 1801），欧洲无须鳕（Merluccius merluccius，L。1758）和Po嘴（Trisopterus luscus，L。1758）]干燥和浸泡的椎骨进行单轴压缩的实验工作。极端极端改装的捕食者（欧洲水獭，Lutra lutra）产生的鱼椎骨）使我们能够评估关键特征，以识别不同的流程和站点形成代理。我们的结果也与经过水和干非生物磨蚀改性的实验组合进行了比较。这些提供了一个基线，以了解导致来自美洲美洲新中部和巴里奥·拉斯·杜纳斯的全新世阿根廷中部遗址和圣卡塔琳娜州的马格达莱尼亚遗址（西班牙巴斯克地区）的造物变质的因素的性质。实验性参考框架使我们能够确定Barrio Las Dunas和Santa Catalina组合上的干压缩，以及El Americano II和Santa Catalina站点上的湿压缩，从而改善了我们对这些考古沉积及其鱼群形成的解释。