Research on the effects of adversity has led to mounting interest in examining the differential impact of adversity as a function of its timing and type. The current study examines whether the effects of different types (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) and timing (i.e., early, middle childhood, adolescence, or adulthood) of adversity on maternal mental and physical health outcomes in pregnancy, are best accounted for by a cumulative model or independent effects model. Women from a prospective pregnancy cohort (N =3,362) reported retrospectively on their experiences of adversity (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) in early childhood (0–5 years], middle childhood (6–12 years], adolescence (13–18 years], and adulthood (19+ years]. Measures of overall health, stress, anxiety, and depression were gathered in pregnancy. Results showed that a cumulative formative latent model was selected as more parsimonious than a direct effects model. Results also supported a model where the strength of the effect of adversity did not vary across abuse timing or type. Thus, cumulative adversity resulted in greater physical and mental health difficulties. In conclusion, cumulative adversity is a more parsimonious predictor of maternal physical and mental health outcomes than adversity at any one specific adversity timing or subtype.

对逆境影响的研究引起了人们越来越多的兴趣，研究逆境的不同影响与其时间和类型的关系。目前的研究探讨了不同类型（即身体、性和情感虐待）和时间（即童年早期、中期、青春期或成年期）的逆境对孕期母亲心理和身体健康结果的影响是否最好。通过累积模型或独立效应模型来解释。来自前瞻性妊娠队列的女性（ N = 3,362）回顾性地报告了她们在童年早期（0-5岁]、童年中期（6-12岁）、青春期（即身体、性和情感虐待）的逆境经历。 13-18岁]和成年期（19岁以上）。在怀孕期间收集了整体健康、压力、焦虑和抑郁的测量结果。结果表明，选择累积形成潜在模型比直接效应模型更简洁。结果还支持一个模型，其中逆境影响的强度不会因虐待时间或类型的不同而变化，因此，累积的逆境会导致更大的身心健康困难。总之，累积的逆境是母亲身心健康的更简洁的预测因素。在任何一种特定的逆境时间或子类型下，结果都比逆境更重要。