The human cervicovaginal microbiome has an important role in the health and homoeostasis of the female reproductive tract. A eubiotic microbiome is typically dominated with lactic acid producing bacteria and is categorised into five community state types. Issues arise when the microbiome becomes dysbiotic, with the microbial composition shifting to contain a greater relative abundance of strict and facultative anaerobes. This shift will lead to several adverse changes in the vaginal environment including compromised epithelial cells, cell death, inflammation, and greater susceptibility to infection. These changes are associated with various adverse outcomes including infections, preterm birth, and infertility. In this review, we discuss how the cervicovaginal microbiome influences these outcomes and possible future directions of treatment and research.

人宫颈阴道微生物组在女性生殖道的健康和止血中起着重要作用。优生微生物组通常以产生乳酸的细菌为主，并分为五种群落状态类型。当微生物组变成不良生物时，微生物组成会发生变化，以包含更多的相对严格的兼性厌氧菌，因此会出现问题。这种转变将导致阴道环境发生若干不利变化，包括受损的上皮细胞，细胞死亡，炎症和更大的感染易感性。这些变化与各种不良后果有关，包括感染，早产和不育。在这篇评论中，