The protective role of T cells in viral infection is well described. T cells generally mediate anti-viral immune responses via direct cytotoxicity and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, by providing help to B cells and by promotion of memory responses. A fundamental step in T cell responses involves presentation of viral peptide antigens in the context of human leucocyte antigens (HLA), to the T-cell receptor. HLA are highly polymorphic cell surface molecules that present a vast array of peptides to T cells and induce their activation, differentiation and proliferation into effector cells which can eliminate microbial infection.

中文翻译：

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病毒感染中的HLA和免疫优势：保护和免疫发病机制中的T细胞反应

已经充分描述了T细胞在病毒感染中的保护作用。T细胞通常通过直接的细胞毒性和促炎性细胞因子的产生，通过为B细胞提供帮助并促进记忆反应来介导抗病毒免疫反应。T细胞应答的基本步骤涉及在人白细胞抗原（HLA）的情况下将病毒肽抗原呈递给T细胞受体。HLA是高度多态的细胞表面分子，可向T细胞呈递多种肽，并诱导其活化，分化和增殖为效应细胞，从而消除微生物感染。