Context: Fire management advice for fauna conservation in protected areas must often be based on expert opinion and extrapolation from very few scientific studies. More monitoring and research are needed to better inform land managers tasked with both managing for biodiversity and managing the threat of bushfires.

Aims: To document changes in the activity of native and introduced mammal species in response to planned burns in a small, isolated woodland reserve in Tasmania.

Methods: Over a 10-year period, mammal activity was monitored before and after two separate moderate-intensity planned burns in 20-ha management blocks and in unburnt blocks of similar size by using live-trapping and camera-trapping. Vegetation density was monitored concurrently, and we also searched burnt areas for animals killed by fire.

Key results: The activity of most mammal populations was largely unaffected by the two planned burns. However, during one of the burns, over 20 rufous-bellied pademelons were directly killed as a result of a need to conduct a backburn. The population recovered after 3 years. The activity of red-necked wallabies, common brushtail possums and short-beaked echidnas generally increased across the whole study area during the 10-year monitoring period. Limited evidence suggests that eastern barred bandicoot and European rabbit activity increased after fire. No swamp rat activity was recorded in burnt areas following the planned burns. Unexpectedly they did not recolonise burnt areas and also ceased to be active in control areas for the last 3 years of the study; we hypothesise that this may be due to the increased dryness and thinning of vegetation.

Conclusions: We found that most of the mammal populations within this small, isolated reserve were resilient to the planned burning program, with no or limited short-term effect for all but one species. The absence of swamp rats from burnt or unburnt areas for the last 3 years of our study suggests that factors other than fire are also affecting this species.

Implications: Planned burning is an important tool for biodiversity conservation, but its use needs to be underpinned by empirical data because mammal fire responses are likely to be site-, time- and context-specific.

背景：关于保护区动物保护的消防管理建议通常必须基于专家意见和很少科学研究的推论。需要进行更多的监测和研究，以更好地为负责管理生物多样性和管理森林大火威胁的土地管理人员提供信息。

目的：记录塔斯马尼亚州一个孤立的小林地中计划发生的烧伤对本地和引进哺乳动物物种活动的影响。

方法：在10年的时间里，通过活体诱捕和照相机诱捕，在20公顷的管理区和类似大小的未燃烧区进行两次单独的中等强度计划烧伤之前和之后，监测哺乳动物的活动。同时监测植被密度，我们还搜索了被烧死的动物被烧死的区域。

关键结果： 大多数哺乳动物种群的活动在很大程度上不受两次计划烧伤的影响。然而，在一次烧伤中，由于需要进行回烧，直接杀死了超过20个红腹大黄瓜。三年后人口恢复。在整个10年的监测期内，红颈袋鼠，常见的辫状负鼠和短喙针id的活动在整个研究区域中普遍增加。有限的证据表明，东部禁止的土匪和欧洲的兔子活动在火后增加。计划烧伤后未在烧伤区域记录沼泽鼠活动。出乎意料的是，他们没有重新定殖烧伤的区域，并且在研究的最后3年中也不再在控制区域活跃。我们假设这可能是由于干燥和植被稀疏引起的。

结论：我们发现，在这个小而孤立的保护区内，大多数哺乳动物种群对计划的燃烧程序具有复原力，除了一个物种外，对所有其他物种没有或仅有有限的短期影响。在我们的研究的最后三年中，没有来自燃烧或未燃烧区域的沼泽鼠，这表明除火以外的其他因素也正在影响该物种。

启示：有计划的燃烧是生物多样性保护的重要工具，但其使用必须以经验数据为基础，因为哺乳动物的火势响应可能是针对特定地点，特定时间和特定环境的。