Integrated planning for urban rail transit (URT) systems is a significant technique in URT operation to balance service level and operating cost. It is generally oriented towards transportation efficiency and solved in a sequential way due to the complexity, but ignores the service experiences among equitable passengers and the utilization balance among equal rolling stocks. This paper aims to study the integrated planning for an oversaturated URT line, incorporating the fairness in train scheduling and workload balance in rolling stock circulation that are measured by two defined min–max indexes. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is established to formulate the integrated planning of stop planning, train scheduling and rolling stock circulation, explicitly considering time-dependent origin–destination demand, first-come-first-serve principle and rigid capacity constraints. Due to the model complexity, an iterative searching approach (ISA) is proposed to solve the model, involving adjusting stop patterns, departure times and connections at the depot terminal. The performance of the ISA is evaluated by three cases with different time lengths based on the practical data from No.8 URT line in Guangzhou. The results are compared with the practical plans and the solutions solved by the two-stage approach respectively. It shows that the ISA can not only mitigate unfairness and balance workload, but also improve transportation efficiency. We also investigate the optimization effects and application conditions of different combinations of searching strategies in the ISA. Furthermore, the study on the typical case during peak hours shows more details about the optimization effects and mechanism of the ISA, which can reach a uniform state in both service level and resource utilization.

城市轨道交通（URT）系统的综合规划是URT运营中平衡服务水平和运营成本的一项重要技术。它通常以运输效率为导向，并由于复杂性而按顺序解决，但忽略了公平乘客之间的服务体验和相等机车车辆之间的利用率平衡。本文旨在研究超饱和URT线的综合规划，并结合列车调度的公平性和机车车辆流通中的工作量平衡（由两个已定义的最小-最大指数来衡量）。建立混合整数非线性规划（MINLP）模型来制定停车计划，列车调度和机车车辆流通的综合计划，并明确考虑时间相关的始发地-目的地需求，先到先得的原则和严格的容量限制。由于模型的复杂性，提出了一种迭代搜索方法（ISA）来求解该模型，其中涉及调整停靠站的方式，出发时间和在货运站的连接。根据广州地铁八号线的实际数据，以三种不同时间长度的情况对ISA的性能进行了评估。将结果分别与两阶段方法的实际计划和解决方案进行了比较。结果表明，ISA不仅可以缓解不公平现象，平衡工作量，而且可以提高运输效率。我们还研究了ISA中不同搜索策略组合的优化效果和应用条件。此外，