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Regulation of eosinophil functions by autophagy
Seminars in Immunopathology ( IF 7.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00860-1
Nina Germic 1 , Aref Hosseini 1 , Shida Yousefi 1 , Alexander Karaulov 2 , Hans-Uwe Simon 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

Eosinophils are granule-containing leukocytes which develop in the bone marrow. For many years, eosinophils have been recognized as cytotoxic effector cells, but recent studies suggest that they perform additional immunomodulatory and homeostatic functions. Autophagy is a conserved intracellular process which preserves cellular homeostasis. Autophagy defects have been linked to the pathogenesis of many human disorders. Evidence for abnormal regulation of autophagy, including decreased or increased expression of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, has been reported in several eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn’s disease, bronchial asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. Despite the increasing extent of research using preclinical models of immune cell-specific autophagy deficiency, the physiological relevance of autophagic pathway in eosinophils has remained unknown until recently. Owing to the increasing evidence that eosinophils play a role in keeping organismal homeostasis, the regulation of eosinophil functions is of considerable interest. Here, we discuss the most recent advances on the role of autophagy in eosinophils, placing particular emphasis on insights obtained in mouse models of infections and malignant diseases in which autophagy has genetically dismantled in the eosinophil lineage. These studies pointed to the possibility that autophagy-deficient eosinophils exaggerate inflammation. Therefore, the pharmacological modulation of the autophagic pathway in these cells could be used for therapeutic interventions.



中文翻译:

自噬调节嗜酸性粒细胞功能

嗜酸性粒细胞是在骨髓中发育的含颗粒的白细胞。多年来,嗜酸性粒细胞一直被认为是细胞毒性效应细胞,但最近的研究表明它们具有额外的免疫调节和稳态功能。自噬是一种保守的细胞内过程,可保持细胞内稳态。自噬缺陷与许多人类疾病的发病机制有关。自噬异常调节的证据,包括自噬相关 (ATG) 蛋白的表达减少或增加,已在几种嗜酸性粒细胞炎症性疾病中报道,例如克罗恩病、支气管哮喘、嗜酸性粒细胞性食管炎和慢性鼻鼻窦炎。尽管使用免疫细胞特异性自噬缺陷的临床前模型进行研究的范围越来越广,直到最近,嗜酸性粒细胞中自噬途径的生理相关性仍然未知。由于越来越多的证据表明嗜酸性粒细胞在保持机体稳态方面发挥作用,因此对嗜酸性粒细胞功能的调节引起了相当大的兴趣。在这里,我们讨论了关于自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞中作用的最新进展,特别强调在感染和恶性疾病的小鼠模型中获得的见解,其中自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞谱系中被遗传破坏。这些研究指出自噬缺陷的嗜酸性粒细胞可能会加剧炎症。因此,这些细胞中自噬途径的药理学调节可用于治疗干预。由于越来越多的证据表明嗜酸性粒细胞在保持机体稳态方面发挥作用,因此对嗜酸性粒细胞功能的调节引起了相当大的兴趣。在这里,我们讨论了关于自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞中作用的最新进展,特别强调在感染和恶性疾病的小鼠模型中获得的见解,其中自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞谱系中被遗传破坏。这些研究指出自噬缺陷的嗜酸性粒细胞可能会加剧炎症。因此,这些细胞中自噬途径的药理学调节可用于治疗干预。由于越来越多的证据表明嗜酸性粒细胞在保持机体稳态方面发挥作用,因此对嗜酸性粒细胞功能的调节引起了相当大的兴趣。在这里,我们讨论了关于自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞中作用的最新进展,特别强调在感染和恶性疾病的小鼠模型中获得的见解,其中自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞谱系中被遗传破坏。这些研究指出自噬缺陷的嗜酸性粒细胞可能会加剧炎症。因此,这些细胞中自噬途径的药理学调节可用于治疗干预。我们讨论了关于自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞中作用的最新进展,特别强调了在感染和恶性疾病小鼠模型中获得的见解,其中自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞谱系中被遗传破坏。这些研究指出自噬缺陷的嗜酸性粒细胞可能会加剧炎症。因此,这些细胞中自噬途径的药理学调节可用于治疗干预。我们讨论了关于自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞中作用的最新进展,特别强调了在感染和恶性疾病小鼠模型中获得的见解,其中自噬在嗜酸性粒细胞谱系中被基因破坏。这些研究指出自噬缺陷的嗜酸性粒细胞可能会加剧炎症。因此,这些细胞中自噬途径的药理学调节可用于治疗干预。

更新日期:2021-05-22
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