Rechargeable lithium batteries (RLBs), including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are accelerating the electrification of transportation and grid energy storage. This transformation of the transportation and energy sector could bring more clean energy into our energy security. The RLB technology is growing rapidly in these sectors due to substantial cost reductions and mobility needs. Yet, the durability, reliability, and safety issues of RLB remain concerns due to the nature of high-energy content in RLB. The concern of limited resources of the critical materials to sustain the RLB use is also escalated. Reuse and recycling of RLB to extend the useful life and recovery of the critical materials become important. Here, we provide a critical review of these topics to give a timely assessment of the status and gap of the RLB technologies and their supply chain. A key concept to use a quantitative failure mode and effect analysis is proposed to help advance RLB design, development, manufacturing, and deployment. The approach can be a viable method to enable physical principle-based technology assessment, failure identification, quantification, and verification of reliability and safety issues in the RLB supply chain.

中文翻译：

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可充电锂电池供应链的现状和差距：定量失效分析的重要性


可充电锂电池（RLB），包括锂离子电池（LIB），正在加速交通和电网储能的电气化。交通和能源领域的这种转变可以为我们的能源安全带来更多的清洁能源。由于成本大幅降低和移动性需求，RLB 技术在这些领域正在快速发展。然而，由于 RLB 的高能量含量，其耐用性、可靠性和安全性问题仍然令人担忧。对维持 RLB 使用的关键材料资源有限的担忧也在升级。 RLB 的再利用和回收对于延长关键材料的使用寿命和回收变得很重要。在这里，我们对这些主题进行批判性回顾，以便及时评估 RLB 技术及其供应链的现状和差距。提出了使用定量故障模式和影响分析的关键概念，以帮助推进 RLB 设计、开发、制造和部署。该方法可以成为实现 RLB 供应链中基于物理原理的技术评估、故障识别、量化和可靠性和安全问题验证的可行方法。