Covid-19 is an acute respiratory infection and presents various clinical features ranging from no symptoms to severe pneumonia and death. Medical expert systems, especially in diagnosis and monitoring stages, can give positive consequences in the struggle against Covid-19. In this study, a rule-based expert system is designed as a predictive tool in self-pre-diagnosis of Covid-19. The potential users are smartphone users, healthcare experts and government health authorities. The system does not only share the data gathered from the users with experts, but also analyzes the symptom data as a diagnostic assistant to predict possible Covid-19 risk. To do this, a user needs to fill out a patient examination card that conducts an online Covid-19 diagnostic test, to receive an unconfirmed online test prediction result and a set of precautionary and supportive action suggestions. The system was tested for 169 positive cases. The results produced by the system were compared with the real PCR test results for the same cases. For patients with certain symptomatic findings, there was no significant difference found between the results of the system and the confirmed test results with PCR test. Furthermore, a set of suitable suggestions produced by the system were compared with the written suggestions of a collaborated health expert. The suggestions deduced and the written suggestions of the health expert were similar and the system suggestions in line with suggestions of the expert. The system can be suitable for diagnosing and monitoring of positive cases in the areas other than clinics and hospitals during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results of the case studies are promising, and it demonstrates the applicability, effectiveness, and efficiency of the proposed approach in all communities.

中文翻译：

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一种基于知识的自我预诊断系统，可使用个人数据和观察到的症状来预测智能手机用户中的 Covid-19

Covid-19 是一种急性呼吸道感染，具有从无症状到严重肺炎和死亡的各种临床特征。医学专家系统，尤其是在诊断和监测阶段，可以在与 Covid-19 的斗争中产生积极的影响。在这项研究中，基于规则的专家系统被设计为 Covid-19 自我预诊断的预测工具。潜在用户是智能手机用户、医疗保健专家和政府卫生当局。该系统不仅与专家共享从用户那里收集的数据，而且还分析症状数据作为诊断助手，以预测可能的 Covid-19 风险。为此，用户需要填写一张进行在线 Covid-19 诊断测试的患者检查卡，接收未经确认的在线测试预测结果和一组预防和支持性行动建议。该系统针对 169 例阳性病例进行了测试。系统产生的结果与相同病例的真实 PCR 检测结果进行了比较。对于具有某些症状发现的患者，该系统的结果与经 PCR 检测确认的检测结果之间没有发现显着差异。此外，将系统产生的一组合适的建议与合作健康专家的书面建议进行了比较。推导出的建议与健康专家的书面建议相似，系统建议与专家的建议一致。该系统可适用于在 Covid-19 大流行期间诊断和监测诊所和医院以外地区的阳性病例。案例研究的结果是有希望的，它证明了所提出的方法在所有社区中的适用性、有效性和效率。