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Private actors in development projects: reflections on human rights between power and resistance
International Journal of Law in Context ( IF 0.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 , DOI: 10.1017/s1744552321000057
Gamze Erdem Türkelli

The theme of the book symposium ‘The Rule of Law in Transnational Development Projects’ is, as Bhatt's Concessionaires, Financiers and Communities (2020) and Lander's Transnational Law and State Transformation (2020) highlight, ripe for critical reflection. The two books reveal the power wielded by private for-profit actors in the co-constitution of legal norms, often at the expense of local communities in development-investment settings. The co-constitution of legal norms by private actors via ‘contracts’, ‘policies’ and ‘intermediaries’ (Bhatt, Lander and Taekema, Book Symposium Introduction in this issue) development permeates rule of law in the public sphere, including in ways that affect the application of domestic and international legal norms relating to human rights. Of course, rule of law may be defined by ‘thick’ conceptions … as a just system of laws ‘consistent with international human rights norms and standards’ (UN Secretary General, 2004, para. 6) or ‘thin’ conceptions with more formalistic requirements that do not prescribe political or social values. Deontological questions aside, even in its ‘thinnest’ conception, rule of law means that legal norms ‘should be publicly promulgated; be predictable in their application; apply to all citizens, including government officials; and be subject to some form of neutral adjudication in the event of disputes as to their interpretation or application’ (Trebilcock, 2011, p. 209). Yet, rule of law has often been applied ‘to favour entrenched elites over resistance groups, vested interests … over civil disobedience, official actors over unofficial actors and property owners over protestors’ (Simpson, 2012, p. 9).

中文翻译:

发展项目中的私人行为者:权力与抵抗之间对人权的思考

本书研讨会的主题是“跨国发展项目中的法治”,正如 Bhatt 所说特许经营者、金融家和社区(2020)和兰德的跨国法与国家转型(2020)突出,成熟的批判性反思。这两本书揭示了私人营利行为者在共同制定法律规范中所拥有的权力,而这往往以牺牲当地社区在发展投资环境中的利益为代价。私人行为者通过“合同”、“政策”和“中间人”(Bhatt、Lander 和 Taekema,本期图书研讨会介绍)共同制定法律规范的发展渗透到公共领域的法治,包括以下列方式:影响有关人权的国内和国际法律规范的适用。当然,法治可能被定义为“厚实”的概念……作为“符合国际人权规范和标准”的公正法律体系(联合国秘书长,2004 年,第 1 段)。6) 或“薄”概念,具有更形式化的要求,不规定政治或社会价值。撇开道义问题不谈,即使在“最薄弱”的概念中,法治也意味着法律规范“应该被公开颁布;在其应用中是可预测的;适用于所有公民,包括政府官员;并在其解释或应用发生争议时接受某种形式的中立裁决”(Trebilcock,2011,第 209 页)。然而,法治经常被应用于“有利于根深蒂固的精英而不是抵抗团体、既得利益……而不是公民不服从、官方行为者胜过非官方行为者以及财产所有者胜过抗议者”(辛普森,2012 年,第 9 页)。法治是指法律规范“应当公开颁布”;在其应用中是可预测的;适用于所有公民,包括政府官员;并在其解释或应用发生争议时接受某种形式的中立裁决”(Trebilcock,2011,第 209 页)。然而,法治经常被应用于“有利于根深蒂固的精英而不是抵抗团体、既得利益……而不是公民不服从、官方行为者胜过非官方行为者以及财产所有者胜过抗议者”(辛普森,2012 年,第 9 页)。法治是指法律规范“应当公开颁布”;在其应用中是可预测的;适用于所有公民,包括政府官员;并在其解释或应用发生争议时接受某种形式的中立裁决”(Trebilcock,2011,第 209 页)。然而,法治经常被应用于“有利于根深蒂固的精英而不是抵抗团体、既得利益……而不是公民不服从、官方行为者胜过非官方行为者以及财产所有者胜过抗议者”(辛普森,2012 年,第 9 页)。
更新日期:2021-05-20
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