Male infertility is one of the major global health problems, in particular, in more than half of the affected men. Genetic factors are important for identifying men with idiopathic infertility along with semen analysis. Valid and useful information can be obtained through non-invasive molecular research. Among these, small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of microRNAs (abbreviated miRNAs) are non-invasive biomarkers with a diagnostic value by regulating the post-transcriptional gene silence through repression and prevention of the translation process. The association between various types of male infertility and miRNA regulation changes has been evaluated to understand the biological function of miRNA and gene targets. Accordingly, further study of the function of miRNAs associated with reproductive disorders could lead researchers to further understand the molecular mechanisms of male infertility in order to find effective biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, the present review article aimed at scrutinizing those researches investigating the altered miRNA expression in testicles, epididymis, and spermatozoa.

男性不育是全球主要的健康问题之一，尤其是在一半以上的受影响男性中。遗传因素对于识别男性特发性不育症以及进行精液分析非常重要。有效和有用的信息可以通过非侵入性分子研究获得。其中，微小的小单链非编码RNA分子（缩写为miRNA）是非侵入性生物标志物，通过抑制和防止翻译过程调节转录后基因沉默，具有诊断价值。已评估了各种类型的男性不育与miRNA调节变化之间的关联，以了解miRNA的生物学功能和基因靶标。因此，对与生殖疾病相关的miRNA功能的进一步研究可能会导致研究人员进一步了解男性不育的分子机制，从而找到有效的生物标记物和治疗策略。因此，本综述文章旨在仔细研究那些研究睾丸，附睾和精子中miRNA表达改变的研究。