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Free-Market, Perfect Market and Welfare State Perspectives on “Good” Markets: an Empirical Test
Applied Research in Quality of Life ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s11482-021-09946-2
Johan Graafland , Harmen Verbruggen

This study explores the relationship between human development and market institutions and tests the performance of three alternative economic perspectives that each assign a different role to governments. In the free-market perspective, the principal task of the government is to protect property rights. In the perfect-market perspective, the government has the additional responsibility of correcting market failures. The welfare-state perspective posits that the state must actively adopt welfare-state policies across a broad range of fields. Based on a sample of 34 OECD countries plus Russia across a time frame spanning 1990 to 2018, the results demonstrate that economic freedom and small size of government do not significantly affect human development as measured by the Human Development Index. Hence, we find no support for the free-market ideal. Conversely, it is found that human development is positively related to governmental interventions that aim to reduce externalities (public expenditure on education and environmental regulation). These results support the perfect-market perspective. With respect to the welfare-state perspective, the findings are mixed. On the one hand, we found that (some) labor market regulations (particularly hiring and firing regulations, hours regulations and mandated cost of worker dismissal) have a negative impact upon human development. On the other hand, human development is shown to be positively affected by governmental intervention seeking to reduce gender stratification in the labor market.



中文翻译:

自由市场,完善市场和福利国家对“好”市场的看法:一项实证检验

这项研究探讨了人类发展与市场制度之间的关系,并测试了三种替代性经济视角的表现,每种视角都赋予政府不同的角色。从自由市场的角度来看,政府的主要任务是保护财产权。从完美市场的角度来看,政府还有纠正市场失灵的额外责任。福利国家的观点认为,国家必须在广泛的领域积极采取福利国家政策。根据1990年至2018年这段时间范围内的34个经合组织国家和俄罗斯的样本,结果表明,按照人类发展指数衡量,经济自由和政府规模小对人类发展的影响不大。因此,我们找不到对自由市场理想的支持。相反,人们发现,人类发展与旨在减少外部性(政府在教育和环境监管方面的公共支出)的政府干预正相关。这些结果支持了完美市场的观点。关于福利国家的观点,发现是混杂的。一方面,我们发现(某些)劳动力市场法规(特别是雇用和解雇法规,工时法规以及强制解雇工人的成本)对人类发展具有负面影响。另一方面,显示出人类发展受到政府干预的积极影响,这些干预旨在减少劳动力市场中的性别分层。发现人类发展与旨在减少外部性(政府在教育和环境监管方面的公共支出)的政府干预有正相关的关系。这些结果支持了完美市场的观点。关于福利国家的观点,发现是混杂的。一方面,我们发现(某些)劳动力市场法规(特别是雇用和解雇法规,工时法规以及强制解雇工人的成本)对人类发展具有负面影响。另一方面,显示出人类发展受到政府干预的积极影响,这些干预旨在减少劳动力市场中的性别分层。人们发现,人类发展与旨在减少外部性(政府在教育和环境监管方面的公共支出)的政府干预正相关。这些结果支持了完美市场的观点。关于福利国家的观点,发现是混杂的。一方面,我们发现(某些)劳动力市场法规(特别是雇用和解雇法规,工时法规以及强制解雇工人的成本)对人类发展具有负面影响。另一方面,显示出人类发展受到政府干预的积极影响,这些干预旨在减少劳动力市场中的性别分层。我们发现,(一些)劳动力市场法规(特别是雇用和解雇法规,工时法规以及法定的解雇成本)对人类发展具有负面影响。另一方面,显示出人类发展受到政府干预的积极影响,这些干预旨在减少劳动力市场中的性别分层。我们发现,(一些)劳动力市场法规(特别是雇用和解雇法规,工时法规以及法定的解雇成本)对人类发展具有负面影响。另一方面,显示出人类发展受到政府干预的积极影响,这些干预旨在减少劳动力市场中的性别分层。

更新日期:2021-05-20
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