Abstract

Fisheries’ supply of ecosystem services depends on recruiting, maintaining and—in cases of overfishing—preventing fishers’ participation. Participation is influenced by fishers’ levels of job satisfaction and a variety of motivations that cannot be reduced to income size. Previous research on fishers’ job satisfaction has applied Maslow’s hierarchy of basic, socio-psychological and self-actualization needs. Using these as three categories of co-existing rather than hierarchical needs, we investigate Swedish fishers’ motivations for considering fisheries exit. Our results suggest that more than half of fishers are considering exiting and that they identify conflicts with seals (31%), environmental policies (17%) and performance of government agencies (16%) as their main reasons. These motivations, we argue, impact simultaneously basic, socio-psychological and self-actualization needs. Accordingly, fishers’ motivations for participation-exit decisions are not solely, and may not be primarily, monetary. A better understanding of fishers’ motivations, particularly non-monetary ones, would improve fisheries management.

摘要

渔业对生态系统服务的供应取决于招募、维持和（在过度捕捞的情况下）阻止渔民的参与。参与受渔民的工作满意度和各种不能减少到收入大小的动机的影响。先前关于渔民工作满意度的研究应用了马斯洛的基本、社会心理和自我实现需求层次结构。我们将这些作为共存而非等级需求的三类需求，调查瑞典渔民考虑退出渔业的动机。我们的结果表明，超过一半的渔民正在考虑退出，他们认为与海豹 (31%)、环境政策 (17%) 和政府机构表现 (16%) 的冲突是主要原因。我们认为，这些动机同时影响基本的，社会心理和自我实现的需要。因此，渔民参与退出决策的动机不仅是，也可能不是主要的，是金钱上的。更好地了解渔民的动机，特别是非货币动机，将改善渔业管理。