Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered advanced solvents with interesting properties that have led to remarkable improvements in the performance of analytical methods and their practical application. Analytical chemistry has profited from the evolution of ILs in diverse contexts, ranging from their applications in microextractions to uses as matrices for mass spectrometric determinations. Their use in sample preparation has meant significant improvements in terms of miniaturization and analytical performance, and given place to new techniques based on liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions; the latter greatly driven forward by the combination of ILs with nanomaterials. Furthermore, electrodes have been prepared by combining ILs with different modern materials, significantly improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electroanalytical methods. Moreover, the implementation of ILs as additives to mobile and stationary phases in separation techniques has been proved to improve liquid and gas chromatography, as well as capillary electrophoresis, in terms of the number of analytes that can be efficiently separated and of the useful life of columns, representing also a promising alternative to environmentally dangerous organic solvents. Additionally, their application as matrix modifiers and as ion-pairing additives has introduced their use in mass spectrometry. In this review, the design and implementation of innovative and highly efficient analytical methods based on ILs for the sensitive and selective determination of diverse analytes in environmental matrices is described. Critical issues that have arisen from their application and future challenges in electrochemical, separation and preconcentration techniques based on these solvents are also presented.

离子液体 (IL) 被认为是具有有趣特性的高级溶剂，这些特性显着改善了分析方法的性能及其实际应用。分析化学从 ILs 在不同背景下的演变中获益，从它们在微萃取中的应用到用作质谱测定的基质。它们在样品制备中的使用意味着在小型化和分析性能方面的显着改进，并让位于基于液-液和固相萃取的新技术；ILs 与纳米材料的结合极大地推动了后者的发展。此外，通过将离子液体与不同的现代材料结合制备电极，显着提高了电分析方法的灵敏度和选择性。此外，在分离技术中将离子液体用作流动相和固定相的添加剂已被证明可以改善液相和气相色谱以及毛细管电泳，就可以有效分离的分析物数量和使用寿命而言柱，也是对环境危险的有机溶剂的有前途的替代品。此外，它们作为基质改性剂和离子对添加剂的应用已经引入了它们在质谱分析中的应用。在这篇综述中，描述了基于 IL 的创新和高效分析方法的设计和实施，用于灵敏和选择性地测定环境基质中的各种分析物。在电化学领域的应用和未来挑战中出现的关键问题，