Neutrophils, the most abundant leukocyte population in humans, constantly patrol the body for foreign cells, including pathogens and cancer cells. Once neutrophils are activated, they engage distinct metabolic pathways to fulfill their specialized antipathogen functions. In this review, we examine current research on the metabolism of neutrophil differentiation and antipathogen responses. We also discuss how tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) can be educated by cytokines and by the nutrient-restrictive milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to suppress antitumor immunity, promote cancer progression, and contribute to biological heterogeneity among tumors. Last, we discuss the clinical implications of circulating neutrophils and infiltrating TANs and consider how targeting TAN metabolism may synergize with cancer immunotherapy.

中性粒细胞是人类中最丰富的白细胞群，它不断地在体内巡逻以寻找外来细胞，包括病原体和癌细胞。一旦中性粒细胞被激活，它们就会参与不同的代谢途径来实现其专门的抗病原体功能。在这篇综述中，我们检查了当前关于中性粒细胞分化代谢和抗病原体反应的研究。我们还讨论了肿瘤相关中性粒细胞 (TAN) 如何通过细胞因子和肿瘤微环境 (TME) 的营养限制环境来抑制抗肿瘤免疫、促进癌症进展并促进肿瘤之间的生物异质性。最后，我们讨论了循环中性粒细胞和浸润性 TAN 的临床意义，并考虑靶向 TAN 代谢如何与癌症免疫治疗产生协同作用。