Organ transplantation is the preferred treatment option for end-stage organ failure. Although immunosuppressants are effective for preventing the occurrence of acute rejection, they also cause a series of side effects in transplant recipients. To improve the quality of patient survival, a new therapeutic strategy that has fewer side effects than current immunosuppressive regimens and can induce allograft immune tolerance and effectively prevent transplant rejection is needed. In this context, regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered to be promising research targets. With the increasing understanding of the immunomodulatory role of Tregs, the use of Treg-based cellular therapies has shifted from prevention/treatment of autoimmune diseases to clinical trials for organ transplantation. This review describes the phenotype and in vitro expansion of Tregs and the mechanisms by which they exert immunomodulatory effects in transplantation immunity, highlights recent clinical trial data on Treg-based cellular therapies in transplantation, and describes future directions and limitations.

器官移植是终末期器官衰竭的首选治疗方案。免疫抑制剂虽然能有效预防急性排斥反应的发生，但也会对移植受者造成一系列副作用。为了提高患者的生存质量，需要一种新的治疗策略，其副作用比目前的免疫抑制方案少，并且可以诱导同种异体移植物免疫耐受并有效防止移植排斥。在这种情况下，调节性 T 细胞 (Tregs) 被认为是有前途的研究目标。随着对 Treg 免疫调节作用的日益了解，基于 Treg 的细胞疗法的使用已从预防/治疗自身免疫性疾病转向器官移植的临床试验。