Biological control agents possess various mechanisms to limit pathogens including ability to outcompete pathogens for resources and occupy shared niches. However, measuring this competition between putative biocontrol agents and pathogens for the same resources remains difficult. To evaluate carbon and nitrogen source utilization as a measure of competitiveness, we used phenotype microarrays on three endophytes (Trichoderma atroviridae, Trichoderma harzianum and Lecanicillium lecanii) with reported biological control activity and five stem-infecting fungal pathogens (Diplodia seriata, Eutypa lata, Neofusicoccum parvum, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, and Phaeoacremonium minimum) that infect grapevine and other important woody plant hosts. The faster growing N. parvum and D. seriata utilized a greater number of the 190 assessed carbon and 380 assessed nitrogen sources than the relatively slower growing pathogens E. lata, P. chlamydospora, and P. minimum. All three endophytes had a greater niche overlap of carbon and nitrogen resource use than E. lata and P. chlamydospora. However, only T. harzianum and L. lecanii were determined to be able to equally compete or slightly outcompete N. parvum and D. seriata over carbon or nitrogen sources. Therefore, based on these results involving carbon and nitrogen source niche utilization, T. harzianum and L. lecanii would be advanced to additional biological control agent screening. Furthermore, according to plate bioassays, both Trichoderma spp. exhibited significant growth reduction of all pathogens except P. minimum, and L. lecanii significant reduced growth of D. seriata, E. lata, and N. parvum. Therefore, a combination of direct antagonism and ability to outcompete over resources is important in selecting biocontrols. Regardless, these results demonstrated the capacity of phenotype microarrays to assess the ability of endophytes to outcompete pathogens over shared resources in in vitro conditions as a complement to traditional plate assays.

生物防治剂具有多种限制病原体的机制，包括以竞争优势胜过病原体的资源并占据共享的生态位的能力。然而，对于相同的资源，要衡量假定的生物防治剂和病原体之间的竞争仍然很困难。为了评估碳源和氮源的利用，以衡量其竞争力，我们使用了表型芯片，分析了三种内生菌（Trichoderma atroviridae，Trichoderma harzianum和Lecanicillium lecanii），并报告了其生物防治活性和五种感染茎真菌的病原体（Diplodia seriata，Eytypa lata，Neofusicoccumcum）孢子虫，Phaeomoniella chlamydospora和感染最少的葡萄球菌和其他重要的木本植物寄主。与相对慢的病原体大肠杆菌（E. lata），衣原体衣原体（P. chlamydospora）和最小的体育菌（P. Minimum）相比，生长较快的小猪笼草（N. parvum）和链疟原虫（D. seriata）使用的190种碳源和380种氮源数量较多。与大肠杆菌（E. lata）和衣原体（P. chlamydospora）相比，所有三种内生菌的碳和氮资源利用都有更大的生态位重叠。然而，只有哈茨木霉和L.枝菌三级被确定为能够平等竞争或略胜出N.孢子虫和D. seriata过碳或氮源。因此，基于这些涉及碳源和氮源利基利用的结果，哈茨木霉和莱肯乳杆菌将被推进到其他生物防治剂筛选中。此外，根据平板生物测定法，木霉属均属。表现出显著生长减少的除所有的病原体最小P.，和L.枝菌三级的显著减小的生长D. seriata，E. LATA，和N.孢子虫。因此，在选择生物控制时，直接拮抗和超过资源的竞争能力的结合很重要。无论如何，这些结果证明了在体外条件下，表型微阵列具有评估内生菌在共享资源上胜过病原体的能力的能力，以此作为对传统平板测定法的补充。