Compared to peer alcohol use, less is known on how parenting practices may modify genetic and environmental contributions to alcohol use longitudinally across adolescence. This study examined whether two maternal parenting behaviors, supervision and harsh parenting, may suppress or amplify genetic and environmental influences on three distinct developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol use: normative increasing, early-onset, and low trajectories. Participants were drawn from a longitudinal study of a population-based twin sample (N = 842, 84% European descent, 52.7% female). Adolescents self-reported their past year alcohol use at ages 13, 14, 15, and 17 years, and their mothers reported their supervision and harsh parenting when twins were 13, 15, and 17 years old. Maternal supervision amplified non-shared environmental influence on the normative increasing and early-onset trajectories, whereas maternal harsh parenting amplified shared environmental influence on the early-onset trajectory and non-shared environmental influence on the low trajectory, respectively. The findings suggest maternal parenting practices as a potent developmental context that modulates the environmental influences of other proximal processes on adolescent alcohol use, and suggest that family-based parenting-focused intervention could be especially beneficial for adolescents following the early-onset trajectory.

与同龄人饮酒相比，人们对养育方式如何改变基因和环境对整个青春期饮酒的纵向影响知之甚少。这项研究探讨了两种母亲的养育行为，即监督和严厉的养育行为，是否可能抑制或放大遗传和环境对青少年饮酒的三种不同发展轨迹的影响：规范性增加、早发和低度轨迹。参与者来自一项基于人群的双胞胎样本的纵向研究（N = 842，84% 欧洲血统，52.7% 女性）。青少年在 13、14、15 和 17 岁时自我报告了过去一年的饮酒情况，而他们的母亲则报告了双胞胎在 13、15 和 17 岁时受到的监督和严厉的养育。母亲监督放大了对规范性增长轨迹和早发轨迹的非共享环境影响，而母亲严厉的养育则分别放大了对早发轨迹的共享环境影响和对低发轨迹的非共享环境影响。研究结果表明，母亲养育方式是一种有效的发展背景，可以调节其他近端过程对青少年饮酒的环境影响，并表明以家庭为基础的养育干预措施可能对遵循早发轨迹的青少年特别有益。