Coral reefs globally are increasingly impacted by climate change. High temperature and pCO₂ levels disrupt multiple physiological and biochemical pathways in marine organisms, often leading to disease and mortality in sensitive reef species. Host-associated microbes contribute critical functions that underpin host health, and environmentally induced changes in microbial communities represent a potential source for new metabolic features within holobiont systems. However, whether the acquisition of new beneficial microbial functions contributes to environmental acclimatisation of reef species is currently unknown. Using extensively studied model systems, we identify potential direct and indirect microbiome-mediated mechanisms that may contribute to environmental acclimatisation in reef invertebrate species. These mechanisms include increasing energy metabolism in the host, reduction of oxidative stress, regulation of nutrients in host cells, and increased pathogen resistance. We also propose a robust experimental strategy to test how microbial metabolic pathways may facilitate environmental acclimatisation of reef taxa. Understanding the mechanisms of microbiome-mediated acclimatisation and the timescales over which it can occur will be critical for predicting reef ecosystem dynamics under future climate scenarios and applying effective reef conservation strategies.

全球珊瑚礁正日益受到气候变化的影响。高温和p CO ₂的水平破坏了海洋生物中的多种生理和生化途径，通常导致敏感礁石物种的疾病和死亡。寄主相关微生物贡献了支撑寄主健康的关键功能，微生物群落中环境诱导的变化代表了全生命周期系统中新的代谢特征的潜在来源。但是，目前尚不清楚获得新的有益微生物功能是否有助于珊瑚礁物种的环境适应。通过广泛研究的模型系统，我们确定了潜在的直接和间接微生物组介导的机制，这些机制可能有助于无脊椎动物礁石的环境适应。这些机制包括增加宿主体内的能量代谢，减少氧化应激，调节宿主细胞中的营养素，并提高病原体抗性。我们还提出了一个强有力的实验策略，以测试微生物的代谢途径如何促进礁类群的环境适应。了解微生物组介导的驯化机制及其发生的时间尺度，对于预测未来气候情景下的珊瑚礁生态系统动态并应用有效的珊瑚礁保护策略至关重要。