Abstract

The growing trend of bone disorders often caused by accidental injury coupled with aging increasing aging population demands more effective therapeutic intervention. Bone tissue engineering is considered a unique method that provides functional bone grafts by combining biomaterial, cells, and signaling factors and can be a promising alternative to the conventional bone grafts used for bone defect treatment. However, the fabrication of a scaffold matrix with nanofeature architecture mimicking bone tissue is one of the significant challenges that limits its clinical application so far. In this context, electrospinning generating biomimetic nanofibrous scaffold structures is a potential technique that results in an excellent micro-environment for the cells to attach, migrate, proliferate, and finally differentiate in comparison to scaffolds fabricated by traditional methods and hence widely used mainly in the last decade. Although having several advantages of electrospun scaffolds, cell infiltration and mechanical strength of the scaffolds are the significant issues that need to be addressed for bone tissue engineering. Numerous concepts or strategies applied during or after electrospinning to overcome these limitations are the main focus points of the current review. This review highlights the current research related to electrospinning techniques used to fabricate bone scaffold and the influence of critical process parameters on nanofiber formation. The various recently reported advanced scaffold fabrication techniques and their advantages when combined with electrospinning process has been presented to address the limitation associated with the bone tissue engineered scaffold fabrication, which may pave the way for the fabrication of scaffold for clinical grade bone graft development in future.

摘要

骨骼疾病的增长趋势通常是由意外伤害加上老龄化增加人口老龄化引起的，需要更有效的治疗干预。骨组织工程被认为是一种独特的方法，它通过结合生物材料、细胞和信号因子来提供功能性骨移植物，并且可以成为用于骨缺损治疗的传统骨移植物的有希望的替代品。然而，制造具有模拟骨组织的纳米特征结构的支架基质是迄今为止限制其临床应用的重大挑战之一。在这种情况下，静电纺丝产生仿生纳米纤维支架结构是一种潜在的技术，可为细胞附着、迁移、增殖、最后与通过传统方法制造的支架进行区分，因此主要在过去十年中广泛使用。尽管具有静电纺丝支架的几个优点，但支架的细胞浸润和机械强度是骨组织工程需要解决的重要问题。在静电纺丝期间或之后应用许多概念或策略来克服这些限制是当前审查的主要焦点。本综述重点介绍了与用于制造骨支架的静电纺丝技术相关的当前研究以及关键工艺参数对纳米纤维形成的影响。