ABSTRACT

The territory once administered by the KwaZulu homeland, roughly 30 per cent of the current province of KwaZulu-Natal, belongs to the Ingonyama Trust. After South Africa’s first democratic elections of 26–28 April 1994, the other nine homelands were integrated into a unitary state. The land they administered came under the authority of the national government. KwaZulu was the only exception. How did 2.8 million hectares end up in a trust with the Zulu king as sole trustee? This article returns to the tense political standoff before the elections to reconstruct the informal negotiations that resulted in the Inkatha Freedom Party’s (IFP) decision to join elections and the transfer of KwaZulu land to the king. The peace deal emerged from a brief reanimation of an old working partnership between Pretoria and traditional authorities in KwaZulu, based on a confluence of interests among National Party conservatives and IFP moderates. Ultimately, the IFP decided to participate without the federalist guarantees it demanded. Instead, the inducement was land for the traditional authorities who formed the backbone of KwaZulu administration. Based on extensive interviews and archival research, this article excavates the Ingonyama Trust’s role in breaking a seemingly unsolvable political deadlock.

摘要

曾经由夸祖鲁故乡管理的领土，约占目前夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省的 30%，属于因贡亚马信托。在南非于 1994 年 4 月 26 日至 28 日举行第一次民主选举后，其他九个家园合并为一个单一制国家。他们管理的土地归国家政府管辖。夸祖鲁语是唯一的例外。280 万公顷土地是如何以祖鲁国王作为唯一受托人的信托而告终的？本文回到选举前的紧张政治僵局，以重构导致 Inkatha 自由党 (IFP) 决定参加选举以及将夸祖鲁土地移交给国王的非正式谈判。和平协议源于比勒陀利亚与夸祖鲁传统当局之间的旧工作伙伴关系的短暂复苏，基于国家党保守派和 IFP 温和派之间的利益汇合。最终，IFP 决定在没有联邦主义者要求的情况下参与。相反，诱惑是形成夸祖鲁政府支柱的传统当局的土地。本文基于广泛的采访和档案研究，挖掘了 Ingonyama Trust 在打破看似无法解决的政治僵局方面的作用。