Wildlife-aircraft collisions (wildlife strikes) pose a serious safety risk to aircraft. Raptors (i.e., hawks and owls) are one of the most frequently struck guilds of birds within North America. Although raptors (most notably red-tailed hawks [Buteo jamaicensis]) are commonly managed at most airports and military bases, there is no scientific information available regarding comparisons of the efficacy of raptor management programs for reducing raptor-aircraft collisions. Therefore, we conducted a study to examine the efficacy of 2 raptor hazard management programs implemented at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport (ORD). The first raptor management program (Phase I) occurred during January 2010–June 2013 and was characterized by intensive and sustained live-trapping and translocation efforts. The second raptor management program (Phase II) occurred during July 2013–December 2016 and involved live-trapping and translocation of specific age classes and increased lethal removal of problematic individual hawks. Compared with Phase I, there were 47% fewer red-tailed hawk strikes (52 in Phase I and 28 in Phase II) and 67% fewer damaging red-tailed hawk strikes (6 in Phase I and 2 in Phase II) during Phase II of the management programs. Our findings demonstrate that airport wildlife management decisions based on scientific data and biological information can aid in reducing wildlife strikes, financial losses, and ultimately airport liability while increasing human safety. The decision matrix regarding the components of an airport raptor hazard management program involves a variety of biological, geographic, logistical, economic, and socio-political variables. Our study provides a scientific foundation for informing such management decisions. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

中文翻译：

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比较减少红尾鹰与飞机碰撞的管理计划

野生动物与飞机的碰撞（野生动物撞击）对飞机构成严重的安全风险。猛禽（即鹰和猫头鹰）是北美最常被袭击的鸟类公会之一。虽然猛禽（最著名的是红尾鹰 [ Buteo jamaicensis]) 通常在大多数机场和军事基地进行管理，但没有关于猛禽管理计划在减少猛禽与飞机相撞方面的功效比较的科学信息。因此，我们进行了一项研究，以检查在芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场 (ORD) 实施的 2 个猛禽危害管理计划的有效性。第一个猛禽管理计划（第一阶段）发生在 2010 年 1 月至 2013 年 6 月期间，其特点是密集和持续的活体诱捕和易位工作。第二个猛禽管理计划（第二阶段）发生在 2013 年 7 月至 2016 年 12 月期间，涉及特定年龄段的活体诱捕和易位，并增加对有问题的个体鹰的致命清除。与一期相比，在管理计划的第二阶段，红尾鹰袭击减少了 47%（第一阶段 52 起，第二阶段 28 起），破坏性红尾鹰袭击（第一阶段 6 起，第二阶段 2 起）减少了 67%。我们的研究结果表明，基于科学数据和生物信息的机场野生动物管理决策有助于减少野生动物袭击、经济损失和最终的机场责任，同时提高人类安全。关于机场猛禽危害管理计划组成部分的决策矩阵涉及各种生物、地理、后勤、经济和社会政治变量。我们的研究为告知此类管理决策提供了科学基础。2021 年出版。本文为美国政府作品，在美国属于公有领域。