ABSTRACT

We investigated relationships between psychometric measures of memory, executive functions (EFs), and task-based measures of Judgments of Learning (JOLs) in individuals with and without Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), to study functional reorganization after TBI. We hypothesized that, in controls, accuracy of immediate JOLs would be associated with short-term memory and EFs (but not long-term memory, LTM), while accuracy of delayed JOLs would be associated primarily with LTM. We hypothesized that those with good recovery from TBI would demonstrate functional reorganization of the relationships between memory, EFs, and JOLs. Eighteen individuals with TBI and 18 matched controls completed eight neuropsychological tests of memory and EFs. They studied word-pairs, made immediate and delayed JOLs, and took a cued-recall test for the studied word-pairs. Stepwise regression and Lasso analyses generated a predictive model of JOL accuracy for each group. Accuracy of immediate JOLs in controls was predicted by short-term memory, inhibition, switching, and cognitive fluency, while accuracy of delayed JOLs was predicted by verbal recall. In individuals with TBI, inhibition predicted immediate JOL accuracy and switching predicted delayed JOL accuracy. Cognitive reorganization in those with good long-term recovery from TBI may account for the ability to make JOLs with accuracy similar to controls.

摘要

我们调查了患有和未患有创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的个体的记忆、执行功能 (EF) 和基于任务的学习判断 (JOL) 测量之间的关系，以研究 TBI 后的功能重组。我们假设，在对照中，即时 JOL 的准确性将与短期记忆和 EF（但不是长期记忆，LTM）相关，而延迟 JOL 的准确性主要与 LTM 相关。我们假设那些从 TBI 中恢复良好的人将展示记忆、EF 和 JOL 之间关系的功能重组。18 名 TBI 患者和 18 名匹配的对照者完成了八项记忆和 EF 的神经心理学测试。他们研究了词对，进行了即时和延迟的 JOL，并对所研究的词对进行了提示回忆测试。逐步回归和套索分析为每组生成了 JOL 准确性的预测模型。通过短期记忆、抑制、转换和认知流畅性来预测对照组中即时 JOL 的准确性，而通过言语回忆来预测延迟 JOL 的准确性。在患有 TBI 的个体中，抑制预测即时 JOL 准确性，而转换预测延迟 JOL 准确性。那些从 TBI 中长期恢复良好的人的认知重组可能解释了使 JOLs 具有与对照相似的准确性的能力。抑制预测即时 JOL 准确度，转换预测延迟 JOL 准确度。那些从 TBI 中长期恢复良好的人的认知重组可能解释了使 JOLs 具有与对照相似的准确性的能力。抑制预测即时 JOL 准确度，转换预测延迟 JOL 准确度。那些从 TBI 中长期恢复良好的人的认知重组可能解释了使 JOLs 具有与对照相似的准确性的能力。