Pollution by microplastics is of increasing concern due to their ubiquitous presence in most biological and environmental media, their potential toxicity and their ability to carry other contaminants. Knowledge on microplastics in freshwaters is still in its infancy. Here we reviewed 150 investigations to identify the common methods and tools for sampling microplastics, waters and sediments in freshwater ecosystems. Manta trawls are the main sampling tool for microplastic separation from surface water, whereas shovel, trowel, spade, scoop and spatula are the most frequently used devices in microplastic studies of sediments. Van Veen grab is common for deep sediment sampling. There is a need to develop optimal methods for reducing identification time and effort and to detect smaller-sized plastic particles.

由于微塑料在大多数生物和环境介质中无处不在、潜在的毒性和携带其他污染物的能力，微塑料造成的污染日益受到关注。关于淡水中微塑料的知识仍处于起步阶段。在这里，我们回顾了 150 项调查，以确定在淡水生态系统中对微塑料、水和沉积物进行采样的常用方法和工具。蝠鲼拖网是从地表水中分离微塑料的主要采样工具，而铲子、抹子、铲子、铲子和抹刀是沉积物微塑料研究中最常用的设备。Van Veen 抓斗在深层沉积物采样中很常见。需要开发最佳方法来减少识别时间和工作量并检测较小尺寸的塑料颗粒。