Nearly half of the world's oil reserves are found in carbonate reservoirs, which have heterogeneous formation characteristics and are naturally fractured. Because of the permeability contrast between the matrix and fracture network in these reservoirs, primary and secondary oil recovery processes are ineffective. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from fractured carbonate reservoirs (FCRs) over the past years and many successful attempts have involved the use of different thermal or non-thermal EOR methods to improve oil recovery. Nonetheless, many researchers have recently directed their studies towards the use of low salinity water (LSW), nanoparticles (NPs), and surfactant (LNS) as EOR agents in carbonates because they are environmentally friendly and incur low costs. Several studies have reported the successful application of the solutions of LSW, NPs, and surfactants either as individual solutions or in combinations, to carbonate formations. The challenges associated with their implementations such as fines migration for LSW flooding, surfactant adsorption onto the pore walls, and instability of NPs under harsh conditions, have also been identified in literature and addressed. However, relatively few investigations have been conducted on FCRs to study the effectiveness of these LNS EOR applications in the presence of fractures. This review, therefore, presents the reports of EOR in FCRs using LNS and identifies the mechanisms that influence these results. It has been shown that fines migration could either promote EOR or reduce recovery based on the occurrence of formation damage. In addition, surfactants with the tendency to form micro-emulsions will be efficient for EOR applications in FCRs. Finally, LNS solutions show promising results with emerging techniques such as alternating injection, which could be applied in FCRs. The findings from this study set the stage for future investigations into EOR in FCRs.

世界上近一半的石油储量都位于碳酸盐岩储层中，这些储层具有非均质的地层特征，并且是天然裂缝性的。由于这些储层中的基质和裂缝网络之间的渗透率差异，一次和二次采油过程无效。因此，在过去几年中，人们越来越关注从裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏（FCR）中提高采收率（EOR），并且许多成功的尝试都涉及使用不同的热或非热EOR方法来改善采油率。但是，许多研究人员最近将其研究指向使用低盐度水（LSW），纳米颗粒（NPs）和表面活性剂（LNS）作为碳酸盐中的EOR剂，因为它们对环境友好且成本低廉。几项研究报告了LSW，NP和表面活性剂溶液作为单独溶液或组合溶液已成功应用于碳酸盐岩地层。与它们的实施相关的挑战，例如用于LSW驱替的细粉迁移，表面活性剂吸附到孔壁上以及在恶劣条件下NPs的不稳定性，也已在文献中得到确认并得到解决。然而，对于FCR进行的研究相对较少，以研究这些LNS EOR应用在存在裂缝的情况下的有效性。因此，本综述介绍了使用LNS进行FCR中EOR的报告，并确定了影响这些结果的机制。已经表明，基于地层损坏的发生，细粒运移可能会促进EOR或降低采收率。此外，具有形成微乳液趋势的表面活性剂对于FCR中的EOR应用将是有效的。最后，LNS解决方案在新兴技术（例如交替注入）中显示出令人鼓舞的结果，这些技术可以应用于FCR。这项研究的发现为将来对FCR中的EOR进行调查奠定了基础。