ABSTRACT

Bribe-giving of individuals is not only affected by their calculation and knowledge but also the social pressure to comply with the informal norms of corruption. This article investigates the impacts of socioeconomic status and social norms on the individuals’ probability of bribe-giving to access public services. It uses the Probit regression models with robust standard errors to analyze the relationship using data adapted from the Vietnam Global Corruption Barometer and Vietnam Provincial Governance and Public Administration Performance Index surveys. The study employs the bargaining power framework and finds that highly educated people, the poor, and the unemployed were less likely to give bribes. Additionally, citizens living in strong anti-corruption communities and rural areas are less likely to give bribes. These empirical results shed light on the policy design and implementation of anti-corruption measures in emerging countries like Vietnam.

摘要

个人的贿赂行为不仅受到他们的计算和知识的影响，还受到遵守非正式腐败规范的社会压力的影响。本文调查了社会经济地位和社会规范对个人通过贿赂获得公共服务的可能性的影响。它使用具有稳健标准误差的 Probit 回归模型，使用改编自越南全球腐败晴雨表和越南省级治理和公共行政绩效指数调查的数据来分析关系。该研究采用议价能力框架，发现受过高等教育的人、穷人和失业者行贿的可能性较小。此外，生活在反腐力度强的社区和农村地区的公民行贿的可能性较小。