Environmental conditions can impact the development of phenotypes and in turn the performance of individuals. Climate change, therefore, provides a pressing need to extend our understanding of how temperature will influence phenotypic variation. To address this, we assessed the impact of increased temperatures on ecologically significant phenotypic traits in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). We raised Arctic charr at 5°C and 9°C to simulate a predicted climate change scenario and examined temperature-induced variation in ossification, bone metabolism, skeletal morphology, and escape response. Fish reared at 9°C exhibited less cartilage and bone development at the same developmental stage, but also higher bone metabolism in localized regions. The higher temperature treatment also resulted in significant differences in craniofacial morphology, changes in the degree of variation, and fewer vertebrae. Both temperature regime and vertebral number affected escape response performance, with higher temperature leading to decreased latency. These findings demonstrate that climate change has the potential to impact development through multiple routes with the potential for plasticity and the release of cryptic genetic variation to have strong impacts on function through ecological performance and survival.

中文翻译：

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气候变化下的进化性：骨骼发育和形状可塑性是可遗传的，与北极夏尔（Salvelinus alpinus）的表现相符

环境条件会影响表型的发展，进而影响个人的表现。因此，气候变化迫切需要扩展我们对温度将如何影响表型变异的理解。为了解决这个问题，我们评估了温度升高对北极夏尔 ( Salvelinus alpinus ) 具有重要生态学意义的表型性状的影响。）。我们在 5°C 和 9°C 培养北极炭，以模拟预测的气候变化情景，并检查了温度引起的骨化、骨代谢、骨骼形态和逃逸反应的变化。9°C饲养的鱼在同一发育阶段表现出较少的软骨和骨骼发育，但局部区域的骨代谢较高。较高的温度处理还导致颅面形态的显着差异、变异程度的变化和更少的椎骨。温度状态和椎骨数量都会影响逃逸反应性能，较高的温度会导致潜伏期减少。