Abstract

Key message

We assessed forest users’ willingness to pay (WTP) for regulating and cultural forest services based on their socio-economic status (rich vs. poor), proximity to forests (nearby vs. distant), and forest management modalities (community forestry vs. collaborative forest management). As expected, a huge variation was found in WTP among these sub-groups. The wealthier households (HH) preferred ‘cash’ whereas poor HHs preferred ‘labour’ as a payment option.

• Context

Forest’s ecosystem services (FES) research have largely concentrated on aggregated economic valuation, while minimal consideration has been paid to distributional issues of willingness to pay (WTP) of many regulating and cultural services such as water quality improvement (WQI), flood control (FC), and bequest and aesthetic values.

• Aims

We assessed WTP of high-priority FES to the various sub-groups (nearby/distant, rich/poor and community/collaborative forest users) and explored the preferred payment options among the sub-groups in the Siwalik landscape of Nepal.

• Methods

We carried out contingent valuation survey of 253 households (ranging from 31 to 33 households from each of the sub-groups). We performed the generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) to analyse the data in RStudio.

• Results

Spatial distance and wealth levels of the respondents play a crucial role in WTP of FES. GLMM analysis indicated that WTP of non-marketed FES differed in terms of cash and labour format. Generally, the WTP is higher in wealthier sub-groups as a cash option. WTP in-terms of labour is a better option for poor HH.

• Conclusion

Disaggregated WTP should be considered while designing future forest management interventions.

中文翻译：

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估算愿意从森林森林中的Siwalik景观中支付调节和文化生态系统服务的费用的意愿：分类用户的观点

摘要

关键信息

我们根据森林使用者的社会经济状况（富人与穷人），与森林的距离（附近与远处）以及森林管理方式（社区林业与林业），评估了森林使用者为规范和文化森林服务而支付的意愿（WTP）。森林合作管理）。正如预期的那样，在这些子组中发现了WTP的巨大差异。较富裕的家庭（HH）更喜欢“现金”，而较贫穷的家庭（HH）更喜欢“劳动力”作为支付方式。

• 语境

森林的生态系统服务（FES）研究主要集中在总体经济估值上，而对诸如水质改善（WQI），防洪（FC）等许多调节和文化服务的支付意愿（WTP）的分配问题却很少考虑。 ），以及遗产和美学价值。

•目的

我们评估了高优先级FES给各个子群体（附近/远距离，富人/穷人和社区/协作性森林使用者）的WTP，并探索了尼泊尔Siwalik风景环境中子群体中的首选付款方式。

• 方法

我们对253户家庭（每个子组的31至33户家庭）进行了评估评估。我们执行了广义线性混合模型（GLMM）来分析RStudio中的数据。

• 结果

受访者的空间距离和财富水平在FES的WTP中起着至关重要的作用。GLMM分析表明，非上市FES的WTP在现金和劳动力格式方面有所不同。通常，作为现金选择权的富裕人群的WTP较高。WTP劳动条件是较差的HH更好的选择。

• 结论

在设计未来的森林管理干预措施时，应考虑分类的WTP。