ABSTRACT

Archaeological sites at Affad (Sudan) are the only ones in northeastern Africa providing ostological remains of both African aurochs (Bos primigenius), dated to 50 kya, and domestic cattle, dated to 7–6 kya. The evidence enables studies of behavioral diversity between taurids. Strontium isotope analyses of the tooth enamel of both Pleistocene and Holocene ruminants suggest the local origin of these animals. The archaeozoological analysis reveals the temporal variability of environmental conditions was linked to a humid climate during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS3), which was more humid than the dry fluctuations during the African Humid Period. In addition, changes in the phenotype of cattle indicate that humans influenced domesticated animal behavior in the sub-Saharan region.

摘要

阿法德（苏丹）的考古遗址是非洲东北部唯一提供可追溯到50 kya 的非洲野牛 ( Bos primigenius ) 和可追溯到 7-6 kya 的家牛骨骼遗骸的考古遗址。证据使研究金牛座之间的行为多样性成为可能。更新世和全新世反刍动物牙釉质的锶同位素分析表明这些动物的本地起源。考古动物学分析表明，环境条件的时间变化与海洋同位素第 3 阶段 (MIS3) 期间的潮湿气候有关，该阶段比非洲潮湿时期的干燥波动更潮湿。此外，牛的表型变化表明人类影响了撒哈拉以南地区的驯养动物行为。