ABSTRACT

As argued by Philip Stern, exploration and Enlightenment were mutually influential, suggesting that the charting performed on exploratory voyages is a particularly apt knowledge practice around which to frame an investigation of the validity and depth of the contradictions and challenges of Enlightenment. This paper uses the charting of Tierra del Fuego by George Anson in the 1740s as a case study for discussing one specific tension in both exploration and Enlightenment: the role of the national and of the universal in the creation of geographic knowledge. It will discuss Anson’s charting process, the publication of his ideas, and the clash his publication caused when planning later voyages. Charting could not only legitimate participation in Enlightenment networks of knowledge-making, but also mask imperial motives and biases in the language of intellectual criticism.

摘要

正如菲利普·斯特恩 (Philip Stern) 所论证的那样，探索和启蒙运动是相互影响的，这表明在探索航行中进行的制图是一种特别恰当的知识实践，围绕它来构建对启蒙运动的矛盾和挑战的有效性和深度的调查。本文使用乔治·安森 (George Anson) 在 1740 年代绘制的火地岛 (Tierra del Fuego) 作为案例研究，讨论探索和启蒙运动中的一个特定张力：国家和普遍在地理知识创造中的作用。它将讨论 Anson 的制图过程、他的想法的发表，以及他的出版在计划以后的航行时引起的冲突。制图不仅可以合法参与启蒙知识创造网络，