Abstract

Mixed-species biofilm is one of the most frequently recorded clinical problems. Mixed biofilms develop as a result of interactions between microorganisms of a single or multiple species (e.g. bacteria and fungi). Candida spp., particularly Candida albicans, are known to associate with various bacterial species to form a multi-species biofilm. Mixed biofilms of Candida spp. have been previously detected in vivo and on the surfaces of many biomedical instruments. Treating infectious diseases caused by mixed biofilms of Candida and bacterial species has been challenging due to their increased resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Here, we review and discuss the clinical significance of mixed Candida-bacteria biofilms as well as the signalling mechanisms involved in Candida-bacteria interactions. We also describe possible approaches for combating infections associated with mixed biofilms, such as the use of natural or synthetic drugs and combination therapy. The review presented here is expected to contribute to the advances in the biomedical field on the understanding of underlying interaction mechanisms of pathogens in mixed biofilm, and alternative approaches to treating the related infections.

摘要

混合物种生物膜是最常记录的临床问题之一。混合生物膜是单一或多种微生物（例如细菌和真菌）之间相互作用的结果。已知念珠菌属，特别是白色念珠菌，可与各种细菌种类结合形成多种类生物膜。念珠菌属的混合生物膜。先前已在体内和许多生物医学仪器的表面上检测到。由于念珠菌和细菌物种的混合生物膜对抗菌药物的耐药性增加，因此治疗由它们引起的传染病一直具有挑战性。在这里，我们回顾和讨论混合念珠菌的临床意义-细菌生物膜以及参与念珠菌-细菌相互作用的信号机制。我们还描述了对抗与混合生物膜相关的感染的可能方法，例如使用天然或合成药物和联合治疗。这篇综述预计将有助于生物医学领域在理解混合生物膜中病原体的潜在相互作用机制以及治疗相关感染的替代方法方面取得进展。