Firms competing over technologies are often forced to collaborate while pursuing their risky research and development (R&D); this is called “technological coopetition.” Such coopetition creates complex interfirm technological relationships, which vary according to the technology field wherein the competition and cooperation are occurring. This study proposes a framework by which to map and identify technological coopetition at both the interfirm and industry levels in order to clarify the complex relational state of technological coopetition. The framework distinguishes between coopetition types by considering the relatedness between the technology areas in which competition and cooperation occur, while showing how interfirm relationships change over time. At the industry level, the framework shows the technology fields in which competition, cooperation, and coopetition occur frequently. We illustrate the framework by applying it to the semiconductor industry. This study is expected to contribute to the coopetition literature as well as R&D management practice.

竞争技术的公司通常被迫在追求风险研发的同时进行合作。这就是所谓的“技术合作”。这种竞合产生了复杂的企业间技术关系，这些技术关系根据发生竞争和合作的技术领域而变化。这项研究提出了一个框架，通过该框架可以在公司间和行业层面上绘制和识别技术合作，以阐明技术合作的复杂关系状态。该框架通过考虑竞争和合作所发生的技术领域之间的相关性来区分竞合类型，同时显示企业间关系如何随时间而变化。在行业一级，该框架显示了竞争，合作和竞合频繁发生。我们通过将其应用于半导体行业来说明该框架。这项研究有望为合作研究和研发管理实践做出贡献。