Abstract

Resistance to foliar diseases has been studied in 14 promising lines of soft spring wheat developed at the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture (CRIA) using donors carrying alien genetic material. Resistance to such diseases as the leaf and stem rust, leaf blotch, and tan spot was assessed in 2019 at the CRIA infection nursery starting from the first manifestations of disease symptoms. Additionally, the juvenile resistance of these lines has been studied at the seedling stage under laboratory conditions. Leaf (Lr) and stem (Sr) rust resistance genes have been identified using molecular markers. Under field conditions, a high level of group resistance to rust and blotch diseases has been observed in the Erythrospermum (Er.) 26620, Lutescens (Lut.) 26708, Ferrugineum (Ferr.) 26768, and Er. 26762 lines. The Lut. 26708 and Ferr. 26768 lines also demonstrate resistance at the seedling stage. The majority (79%) of the studied lines are resistant to leaf and stem rust at both juvenile and adult stages. Molecular marker analysis has revealed these lines carry highly efficient LrSp and Lr24/Sr24 genes occurring either separately or together with low-efficient Lr1, Lr3, and Lr10 genes; the lines are also characterized by effective combinations of Lr9 + Lr26/Sr31 and Lr21 + Lr34/Sr57 genes. The studied wheat lines have a complex of valuable traits, such as lodging resistance, high grain quality, and high yield. Based on the totality of valuable traits and a group resistance to pathogens, the Fer. 26768 line carrying the Lr34/Sr57 + Lr21 + Lr10 gene combination, which has not been previously used for the wheat breeding in Russia, has been selected for use in breeding programs.

中文翻译：

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南部乌拉尔条件下抗春小麦软春的选育

摘要

车里雅宾斯克农业研究所（CRIA）使用携带外来遗传物质的供体开发了14种有前景的软春小麦品系，研究了对叶面疾病的抗性。从疾病症状的最初表现开始，于2019年在CRIA感染苗圃评估了对诸如叶和茎锈，叶斑和棕褐色斑点等疾病的抵抗力。另外，已经在实验室条件下在苗期研究了这些品系的幼虫抗性。叶（Lr）和茎（Sr）已经使用分子标记鉴定了抗锈基因。在田间条件下，在赤藓（Er。）26620，Lutescens（Lut。）26708，Ferrugineum（Ferr。）26768和Er。中观察到了较高的抗锈斑病群体抵抗力。26762行。诱惑。26708和Ferr。26768品系在苗期也表现出抗性。在幼年期和成年期中，大多数研究品系（79％）对叶和茎的锈病具有抗性。分子标记分析表明，这些品系携带高效LrSp和Lr24 / Sr24基因，它们分别或与低效率Lr1，Lr3和Lr10一起出现基因 该品系还以Lr9 + Lr26 / Sr31和Lr21 + Lr34 / Sr57基因的有效组合为特征。所研究的小麦品系具有许多有价值的特性，例如抗倒伏性，高品质谷物和高产。基于所有有价值的性状和对病原体的抗性，Fer。携带Lr34 / Sr57 + Lr21 + Lr10基因组合的26768品系已被选用于育种计划，该组合以前未在俄罗斯用于小麦育种。