The grazing lands of the High Atlas are vulnerable to climate change and the decline of traditional management practices. However, prior to the mid-20th century, there is little information to examine historical environmental change and resilience to past climate variability. Here, we present a new pollen, non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) and microcharcoal record from a sub-alpine marsh (pozzine) at Oukaïmeden, located in the Marrakech High Atlas, Morocco. The record reveals a history of grazing impacts with diverse non-arboreal pollen assemblages dominant throughout the record as well as recurrent shifts between wetter and drier conditions. A large suite of radiocarbon dates (n = 22) constrains the deposit to the last ~ 1,000 years although multiple reversed ages preclude development of a robust age-depth model for all intervals. Between relatively dry conditions during the Medieval period and in the 20th century, intervening wet conditions are observed, which we interpret as a locally enhanced snowpack during the Little Ice Age. Hydrological fluctuations evidenced by wetland pollen and NPPs are possibly associated with centennial-scale precipitation variability evidenced in regional speleothem records. The pollen record reveals an herbaceous grassland flora resilient against climatic fluctuations through the last millennium, possibly supported by sustainable collective management practices (agdal), with grazing indicators suggesting a flourishing pastoral economy. However, during the 20th century, floristic changes and increases in charcoal accumulation point to a decline in management practices, diversification of land-use (including afforestation) and intensification of human activity.

高海拔地图集的牧场容易受到气候变化和传统管理方式的削弱的影响。但是，在20世纪中叶之前，几乎没有信息可以检查历史环境变化和对过去气候变化的适应力。在这里，我们展示了位于摩洛哥马拉喀什高海拔地图集的Oukaïmeden的一个亚高山沼泽（火山灰）中的新花粉，非花粉类植物（NPP）和微木炭记录。该记录揭示了在整个记录中占主导地位的各种非树状花粉组合的放牧影响历史，以及潮湿和干燥条件之间的反复变化。一大套放射性碳枣（n = 22）将矿床限制在最后一个〜1,000年，尽管多个逆龄都排除了在所有间隔中都建立稳健的年龄-深度模型的可能性。在中世纪时期和20世纪相对干燥的状况之间，观察到中间的潮湿状况，我们将其解释为小冰期期间局部增强的积雪。湿地花粉和NPPs所证明的水文波动可能与区域脾疫记录中所证明的百年尺度的降水变化有关。花粉记录显示，在过去的一千年中，草本草地植物群具有抵御气候波动的能力，这可能得到可持续集体管理实践的支持（阿格达勒），放牧指标表明牧业经济蓬勃发展。但是，在20世纪，植物区系的变化和木炭积累的增加表明管理方法的下降，土地利用的多样化（包括造林）和人类活动的加剧。