Biocatalysis has been traditionally considered an environment-friendly and industrial toolbox for organic synthesis. However, in many cases these statements are not substantiated with real metrics (e.g. E-factor and productivities). This paper discusses recent developments that may contribute to generate greener biocatalytic applications with industrial interest. Namely, aqueous-based processes with extremely high substrate loadings; solvent-free reactions in which neither solvents nor water are used; and finally, biogenic solvents as well as deep eutectic solvents. From all of them, solvent-free systems are superior both in terms of greenness and industrial use (but they cannot be always implemented). The described systems can be combined in flow (continuous), and with solvent and water recycling, leading to powerful alternatives for future sustainable processes. Overall, providing metrics is key to honestly assess a biotransformation and to put forth further research to improve systems.

生物催化历来被认为是有机合成的环保和工业工具箱。然而，在许多情况下，这些陈述并没有得到实际指标的证实（例如 E 因子和生产力）。本文讨论了可能有助于产生具有工业兴趣的更绿色生物催化应用的最新发展。即，具有极高底物负载量的水基工艺；既不使用溶剂也不使用水的无溶剂反应；最后，生物溶剂以及低共熔溶剂。从所有这些方面来看，无溶剂系统在绿色和工业用途方面都非常出色（但它们并不总是能够实施）。所描述的系统可以流动（连续）与溶剂和水循环结合，为未来的可持续过程提供强大的替代方案。总体而言，提供指标是诚实评估生物转化和开展进一步研究以改进系统的关键。