In the present study, fourteen highly polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity and population structure of six populations of silver carp in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin. The results showed that the polymorphic information content (PIC) of these fourteen loci was between 0.306−0.848, 9 of 14 loci were highly polymorphic (PIC > 0.5). The allele number (Na) of the 6 populations was between 5–18, and the effective allele number (Ne) ranged from 1.5628 to 7.2676. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were ranged from 0.287 to 0.753, and from 0.361 to 0.865, respectively. The average polymorphism information content was between 0.306 to 0.848. The Jianli, Changsha and Jiaxing population showed relatively high genetic diversity in all six populations(PIC > 0.5). The genetic distance between the Jianli and Hanjiang was the highest, while Ruichang and Jiaxing with the lowest genetic distance. The phylogenetic relation results showed the six populations were clustered into two clades, which indicated that there were differentiated in certain degree among the middle and lower populations in Yangtze river basin and the populations of this research may belong to different spawning grounds. In next enhancement and releasing, the germplasm resources of silver carp should be selected from corresponding regions.

在本研究中，使用14个高度多态性微卫星标记分析了长江中下游流域6个of鱼的遗传多样性和种群结构。结果表明这14个基因座的多态信息含量（PIC）在0.306-0.848之间，其中14个基因座中的9个是高度多态的（PIC> 0.5）。6个种群的等位基因数（Na）在5至18之间，有效等位基因数（Ne）的范围是1.5628至7.2676。观察到的杂合度和预期杂合度分别为0.287至0.753和0.361至0.865。平均多态性信息含量在0.306至0.848之间。建力，长沙和嘉兴种群在全部六个种群中均表现出较高的遗传多样性（PIC> 0.5）。建里与汉江之间的遗传距离最大，而瑞昌与嘉兴之间的遗传距离最小。系统发育关系结果表明，这六个种群聚集成两个进化枝，表明长江中下游种群在一定程度上存在差异，本研究的种群可能属于不同的产卵场。在下一个增强和发布中，