The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in upper and lower respiratory specimens and coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was investigated. Study subjects (N = 342) were retrospectively enrolled after being confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive, and their nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), and sputum specimens were restored for SARS-CoV-2 retesting and respiratory pathogen detection. The majority of the subjects (96.5%, N = 330) were confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 positive using NPS/OPS specimens. Among the COVID-19 patients (N = 342), 7.9% (N = 27) and 0.9% (N = 3) were coinfected with respiratory viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, respectively, yielding an 8.8% (N = 30) overall respiratory pathogen coinfection rate. Of the respiratory virus coinfection cases (N = 27), 92.6% (N = 25) were coinfected with a single respiratory virus and 7.4% (N = 2) with two viruses (metapneumovirus/adenovirus and rhinovirus/bocavirus). No triple coinfections of other respiratory viruses or bacteria with SARS-CoV-2 were detected. Respiratory viruses coinfected in the patients with COVID-19 were as follows: rhinovirus (N = 7, 2.1%), respiratory syncytial virus A and B (N = 6, 1.8%), non-SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses (229E, NL63, and OC43, N = 5, 1.5%), metapneumovirus (N = 4, 1.2%), influenza A (N = 3, 0.9%), adenovirus (N = 3, 0.9%), and bocavirus (N = 1, 0.3%). In conclusion, the diagnostic value of utilizing NPS/OPS specimens is excellent, and, as the first report in Korea, coinfection with respiratory pathogens was detected at a rate of 8.8% in patients with COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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韩国COVID-19患者中呼吸道病原体的合并感染

研究了2019年冠状病毒病患者（COVID-19）中上下呼吸道标本中严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的检测以及与其他呼吸道病原体的共感染。研究对象（N  = 342）被确认为SARS-CoV-2阳性后进行回顾性研究，并恢复其鼻咽拭子（NPS），口咽拭子（OPS）和痰标本以进行SARS-CoV-2复检和呼吸道病原体检测。 使用NPS / OPS标本确认了大多数受试者（96.5％，N = 330）为SARS-CoV-2阳性。在COVID-19患者中（N  = 342），分别为7.9％（N  = 27）和0.9％（N = 3）分别与呼吸道病毒和肺炎支原体同时感染， 总体呼吸道病原体合并感染率为8.8％（N = 30）。在呼吸道病毒合并感染病例（N  = 27）中，有92.6％（N  = 25）被单一呼吸道病毒同时感染，而7.4％（N  = 2）被两种病毒（间充质肺病毒/腺病毒和鼻病毒/博卡病毒）同时感染。未检测到其他呼吸道病毒或细菌与SARS-CoV-2的三重合并感染。COVID-19患者合并感染的呼吸道病毒如下：鼻病毒（N  = 7，2.1 ％），呼吸道合胞病毒A和B（N = 6、1.8％），非SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒（229E，NL63和OC43，N  = 5、1.5 ％），间质肺病毒（N  = 4、1.2 ％），甲型流感（N  = 3、0.9％ ），腺病毒（N  = 3，0.9％）和博卡病毒（N  = 1，0.3 ％）。总之，利用NPS / OPS标本的诊断价值极佳，并且，作为韩国的第一篇报道，在COVID-19患者中，呼吸道病原体的合并感染检出率为8.8％。