This article examines the role of ad hoc investment arbitration tribunals in arbitrating highly sensitive matters in transitional justice contexts, focusing on disputes arising from black economic empowerment (BEE) policies in countries formerly under racially discriminatory regimes. After an overview of the investment protection system, the article introduces the historical context of BEE policies. It subsequently analyses three main disputes, one against South Africa and two against Zimbabwe, where white concession holders and landowners relied on Bilateral Investment Treaties to claim compensation for the consequences of BEE mining and land redistribution policies. These disputes provide a testing ground to shed light on the role of investment arbitration in the context of transitional justice. The article concludes that such a role essentially amounts to an intrusion in the perilous ‘balancing act’ of managing a transitional justice process.

中文翻译：

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平衡法案中的入侵者：黑人经济赋权、过渡司法和投资仲裁法庭

本文考察了特设投资仲裁庭在过渡司法背景下仲裁高度敏感事项中的作用，重点关注以前受种族歧视制度的国家的黑人经济赋权 (BEE) 政策引起的争议。在概述了投资保护制度之后，本文介绍了 BEE 政策的历史背景。随后分析了三个主要争议，一个针对南非，两个针对津巴布韦，在这些争议中，白人特许权持有人和土地所有者依靠双边投资条约就 BEE 采矿和土地重新分配政策的后果要求赔偿。这些争议为阐明投资仲裁在过渡司法背景下的作用提供了试验场。