The acquisition of new orthographic representations is a rapid and accurate process in proficient monolingual readers. The present study used biliterate and bialphabetic population to address the impact of phonological inconsistencies across the native (L1) and second (L2) alphabets. Naming latencies were collected from 50 Russian–English biliterates through a reading-aloud task with familiar and novel word forms repeated across 10 blocks. There were three Script conditions: (1) native Cyrillic, (2) non-native Roman, and (3) Ambiguous (with graphically identical, but phonologically inconsistent graphemes shared by both alphabets). Our analysis revealed the main effect of Script on both reading and orthographic learning: naming latencies during training were longer for the ambiguous stimuli, particularly for the novel ones. Nonetheless, novel word forms in the ambiguous condition approached the latencies for the familiar words along the exposures, although this effect was faster in the phonologically consistent trials. Post-training tests revealed similarly successful performance patterns for previously familiar and newly trained forms, indicating successful rapid acquisition of the latter. Furthermore, we found the highest free recall rates for the ambiguous stimuli. Overall, our results indicate that phonological inconsistency initially interferes with the efficiency of novel word encoding. Nevertheless, it does not prevent efficient attribution of orthographic representations; instead, the knowledge of two distinct alphabets supports a more efficient learning and a better memory for ambiguous stimuli via enhancing their encoding and retrieval.

对于熟练的单语读者来说，获取新的正字法表示是一个快速而准确的过程。本研究使用双语和双字母人口来解决本地 (L1) 和第二 (L2) 字母表中语音不一致的影响。通过朗读任务从 50 名俄语-英语双语者中收集命名延迟，其中熟悉和新颖的单词形式在 10 个块中重复。存在三个脚本条件：(1) 本地西里尔字母，(2) 非本地罗马字母，和 (3) 模棱两可（两个字母共享的图形相同，但语音上不一致的字素）。我们的分析揭示了 Script 对阅读和拼字学习的主要影响：训练期间的命名延迟对于模棱两可的刺激更长，特别是对于新奇的刺激。尽管如此，在模棱两可的条件下，新词形式接近熟悉词的暴露时间，尽管这种效果在语音一致的试验中更快。训练后测试揭示了以前熟悉和新训练形式的类似成功表现模式，表明后者成功快速获得。此外，我们发现模糊刺激的免费召回率最高。总的来说，我们的结果表明，语音不一致最初会干扰新词编码的效率。然而，它并不妨碍正交表示的有效归属；相反，两个不同字母的知识通过增强其编码和检索来支持更有效的学习和对模糊刺激的更好记忆。