Abstract

The Schinus molle species produces high yields of volatile oils that can be obtained from leaves and fruits. It has been reported that S. molle oils have a variable chemical composition and biological activities, besides, they can be a source of bioactive compounds. In this work, studies were performed on the influence of extraction methods (hydrodistillation, steam distillation and fractional hydrodistillation) and seasonal variation, on the chemical composition (GC/MS and GC/FID analysis) of volatile oils (fruits and leaves) of this species. The comparison between the methods of hydrodistillation and steam distillation demonstrated that higher yields are obtained with hydrodistillation (1.2 % ± 0.2 % leaves, 1.8 % ± 0.3 % fruits). Increases in the concentrations of monoterpenes (50.7 % leaves and 70 % fruits) and sesquiterpenes (73.2 % leaves and 45.9 % fruits) are favored by the use of hydrodistillation and steam distillation techniques, respectively. Fractional hydrodistillation, using fractions collected at different extraction times (120 and 240 minutes), presented variations in the composition of oils from leaves and fruits. The 120 minutes fraction displayed the balanced distribution of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes (46.8 % and 48.7 %, respectively), while 240 minutes fraction exhibited a high concentration of sesquiterpenes (80.5 %), with a predominance of epi-α-cadinol (40 %). The 240-minutes fraction was subjected to purification by preparative thin-layer chromatography and enabled isolation of the epi-α-cadinol (characterized by NMR). In the statistical analysis referring to the seasonal study of oil from leaves, 3 groups of compounds were characterized. Group I, corresponding to autumn, was characterized by the highest content of sesquiterpenes. Group II, corresponding to spring, was characterized by a higher percentage of monoterpenes. And group III, referring to summer and winter, was characterized by concentrations close to all the compounds identified.

摘要

的肖乳香属MOLLE物种产生可以从叶和果实中获得的挥发性油的产量高。据报道，S。molle油具有可变的化学组成和生物活性，此外，它们可能是生物活性化合物的来源。在这项工作中，进行了有关提取方法（加氢蒸馏，蒸汽蒸馏和分馏加氢蒸馏）和季节性变化对这种挥发油（水果和树叶）的化学成分（GC / MS和GC / FID分析）的影响的研究。物种。加氢蒸馏和蒸汽蒸馏方法之间的比较表明，加氢蒸馏可获得更高的收率（1.2％±0.2％的叶子，1.8％±0.3％的果实）。使用水蒸馏和水蒸气蒸馏技术分别有利于增加单萜类（50.7％的叶子和70％的水果）和倍半萜类（73.2％的叶子和45.9％的水果）的浓度。分馏加氢蒸馏 使用在不同提取时间（120和240分钟）下收集的馏分，显示了叶和果实中油的成分变化。120分钟的馏分显示出单萜和倍半萜的平衡分布（分别为46.8％和48.7％），而240分钟的馏分则显示出高浓度的倍半萜（占80.5％），其中主要是Epi-α-cadinol（占40％） 。通过制备型薄层色谱对240分钟的馏分进行纯化，并分离出epi-α-蓖麻醇（通过NMR表征）。在统计分析中参考了叶油的季节性研究，对3组化合物进行了表征。第一组对应于秋天，其特征是倍半萜的含量最高。第二组，对应于春季，其特点是单萜的百分比更高。第三组是指夏季和冬季，其特征在于其浓度接近所有已鉴定的化合物。