Abstract—

The natural soil-forming process is currently significantly impacted by human activities. Intense agricultural production intensifies the weathering and transformation processes of soil clay minerals, which were inherited from rocks and contain much potassium available to plants. A positive balance of vermiculite is a reliable diagnostic criterion of soil depletion in potassium, and therefore, monitoring of the content of this mineral is necessary to regulate soil fertility. A new method is proposed for quantitative determination of vermiculite in soils. The method is based on the ability of 2 : 1 clay minerals to selectively adsorb and fix Cs⁺. The procedure includes the saturation of soil exchange complex with Cs⁺ labeled with ¹³⁷Сs. To do this, the sample is washed with CsCl solution with a trace level of ¹³⁷Cs. After oven-drying at 110°C, which results in partial Cs⁺ fixation in the crystal lattice, the exchangeable Cs⁺ is replaced by \({\text{N}}{{{\text{H}}}_{4}}^{ + }\). The activity concentration of the fixed ¹³⁷Сs is then determined by gamma spectrometry. Given a known ratio of Cs⁺ content to ¹³⁷Cs activity concentration, the vermiculite quantity in soils is calculated from the ratio of the fixed Cs⁺ amount to the vermiculite interlayer exchange capacity, which is assumed to be 154 mg-equiv/100 g. Vermiculite content was determined in samples of arable soils, which have been collected in different climate zones of the European part of Russia. Among the soils, the lowest vermiculite content was found in soddy-podzolic soil (2.3 g/kg) and the highest one was detected in chernozems (26.9–28.6 g/kg). It is shown that vermiculite is also present in coarse fractions of soils (with particle size >1 µm). Among all soil samples, the highest content of vermiculite in coarse fractions was found in sandy soddy-podzolic soil (20.8% of the total content in soil), whereas this value in loamy and clay soils varied between 2.1 and 5.4%.

中文翻译：

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在俄罗斯欧洲部分使用137 Cs评估耕地中Ver石的含量

摘要-

目前，自然的土壤形成过程受到人类活动的显着影响。激烈的农业生产加剧了土壤粘土矿物的风化和转化过程，这些矿物矿物是从岩石继承而来的，并含有大量可用于植物的钾。balance石的正平衡是确定土壤钾含量的可靠诊断标准，因此，监测此矿物质的含量对于调节土壤肥力是必要的。提出了一种定量测定土壤中ul石的新方法。该方法基于2：1粘土矿物选择性吸附和固定Cs ^+的能力。该程序包括用¹³⁷标记的Cs ⁺的土壤交换复合物的饱和度Сs。为此，用痕量¹³⁷ Cs的CsCl溶液洗涤样品。在110°C下烘干后，导致部分Cs ⁺固定在晶格中，可交换的Cs ⁺替换为\（{\ text {N}} {{{\ text {H}}}} _ {4 }} ^ {+} \）。固定的活性浓度^137个Сs然后通过γ射线光谱测定。在已知的Cs ⁺含量与¹³⁷ Cs活性浓度之比的情况下，根据固定的Cs ⁺的比值计算土壤中的quantity石数量石层间交换容量的量为154mg-当量/ 100g。of石含量是在可耕土壤样品中测定的，该样品已在俄罗斯欧洲部分的不同气候区采集。在土壤中，so石土壤中的ver石含量最低（2.3 g / kg），黑钙土中含量最高的2石（26.9–28.6 g / kg）。结果表明，coarse石也存在于土壤的粗粒级分中（粒径> 1 µm）。在所有土壤样品中，沙质-坡积土壤中粗粒s石含量最高（占土壤总含量的20.8％），而在壤土和黏土中，value石的含量在2.1％至5.4％之间变化。